Weak Nuclear Force

Atomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which have a positive or negative charge. Electric forces are repulsive between similar charges, so there must be a force much stronger than electromagnetism keeping them together. This force is called the Strong Nuclear Force, and it is about a hundred times stronger than the electromagnetic force. Its strength allows it to hold a nucleus together, despite the desire of the electromagnetic force to thrust it apart. Despite its relative strength, the strong force fades away abruptly and dramatically outside of a distance of about 10¯¹³ cm from a proton or neutron, which is why atomic nuclei have the diameters they do. Although it is the strongest of the four forces, because of its tiny range the strong force cannot be directly detected in macroscopic bodies.

The Weak Nuclear Force doesn’t so much hold things together as break them apart. The weak force is behind the processes of radioactive decay, when an unstable nucleus splits into two or more pieces. One important process in particular it is responsible for is beta decay. This happens when a neutron emits an electron and transforms itself into a proton, changing the atom into another element. The weak force thus demonstrates itself primarily through changes in particle identity, rather than particle motions.
While the strength of the weak force is
This means that chemical elements can come in different varieties, called isotopes. The more protons a nucleus contains, the more variety of isotopes that element has. However, if there are too many neutrons the nucleus will become unstable and will break down. Thus, for a given number of protons there is only certain number of neutrons allowed: too many and the nucleus will become unstable, not enough and the protons will fly apart because of the electrical