What Are The Causes Of The Civil War
Study Guide
I. United States Civil War: causes, course, and effects a. Cotton Economy and Slavery i. Cotton is King ii. Conditions of enslavement 1. “peculiar institution” of slavery frowned upon for a long time iii. Abolitionists 2. Underground Railroad a. Network of secret routes and safe houses used in helping slaves escape to free states b. Harriet Tubman i. Also known as Moses ii. Made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom iii. Most famous of the Underground Railroad’s conductors b. Origins of the civil war iv. Political issues
3. Balance of free states to slave states in Congress 4. The gag bill v. States’ rights 5. Dred Scott case c. Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property not people therefore had no rights d. South argued that each state had the right to secede vi. Modernization 6. Northern war time prosperity 7. Had an easier time paying for the war than the Suth vii. Sectionalism 8. Economic interests e. South iv. Agriculture v. Low tariff f. North vi. Industry vii. High tariff 9. Slavery issues g. Southern fear of slave riots viii. Fugitive slave laws passed h. Northern personal liberty laws passed ix. Northwest Ordinance and Missouri Compromise stop spread of slavery viii. Nullification Crisis 10. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 11. States had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution c. Abolitionist Debate ix. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin 12. Impact i. Helped to fueled the northern abolitionist movement
II. Westward Expansion d. Causes x. Manifest Destiny e. Effects xi. Increased sectionalism xii. Mexican American War xiii. Mexican Cession f. Sectional debates xiv. South had plantation agriculture based on slave labor xv. North was industrialized and urbanized g. Crisis of the 1850s xvi. Territorial Crisis 13. Northern free soil interests vigorously sought to curtail any further expansion of slave soil 14. Slaveholding interests looked forward to the institution flourishing in these lands as well 15. It was these territorial disputes that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided over h. Kansas Nebraska Act xvii. Popular sovereignty xviii. Bleeding Kansas 16. Free-soilers from the north 17. Border Ruffians from the south i. Ostend Manifesto xix. Attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain xx. Angered northerners j. Lincoln Douglas Debates xxi. Put Lincoln into the lime light of politics xxii. Although Douglas won the Senate seat, Lincoln would go on to win the presidency xxiii. Most famous debate at Freeport Illinois 18. Douglas j. Freeport Doctrine x. Slavery would stay down in a state if it was voted down k. Election of 1860 xxiv. Won by Abraham Lincoln 19. Soon after South Carolina seceded from the Union l. Emancipation Proclamation xxv. Lincoln declared slaves in the seceded states to be free m. Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy xxvi. Capital located in Richmond Virginia
III. Union vs. Confederate n. Union xxvii. Strengths 20. Communication 21. Transportation 22. Industry, more wealth 23. North controlled the sea xxviii. Weaknesses xxix. Economic Resources 24. North had more economic resources 25. Was the North’s greatest strength xxx. Leaders 26. George B. Mclellan “Tardy George” 27. Ulysses S. Grant 28. William Tecumseh Sherman o. Confederate xxxi. Strengths 29. South only had to hold out until the North was tired of fighting 30. Homefield Advantage 31. More talented officers xxxii. Weaknesses 32. Scarcity of factories 33. Shortages of uniforms, shoes, blssnkets 34. Food supply problems xxxiii. Economic Resources 35. Agriculture 36. Economy was the South’s greatest weakness xxxiv. Leaders 37. Robert E. Lee 38. Thomas J. “Stonewall Jackson” p. Major Battles xxxv. Fort Sumter 39. Lincoln sends supplies to Fort Sumter k. South Carolina bombarded the fort l. Lincoln waged war on the South xxxvi. Bullrun 40. Confederate win 41. “Stonewall” Jackson showed up with reinforcements and the line held like a stonewall xxxvii. Seven Day’s Battle 42. Confederate win 43. Forced Union to give up the Peninsula Campaign xxxviii. Antietam 44. Union victory 45. Lee halted at Antietam 46. One of the bloodiest battles of the war 47. Victory allowed for Lincoln to issue his emancipation proclamation xxxix. Gettysburg 48. Union Victory 49. Broke the heart of the Confederate cause xl. Sherman burns Georgia 50. Total war xli. Northern troops capture Richmond 51. Lee cornered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia 52. End of the war q. Foreign powers xlii. Europe wanted to stay neutral in this conflict xliii. South hoped that King Cotton was powerful enough that the European countries would aid them in their efforts
IV. Reconstruction r. Success xliv. Economic 53. Improved tax system 54. Public works in transportation xlv. Political 55. Property rights no longer needed to hold office 56. No more planter aristocracy xlvi. Social 57. Civil Rights Act 58. 14th Amendment m. Citizenship given to African Americans 59. 15th Amendment n. African Americans given the right to vote 60. Women given property rights s. Failures xlvii. Economic 61. Carpetbaggers from the north 62. Sharecropping o. Majority of poor former slaves went back to working on plantations of their former masters for very little pay xlviii. Political 63. Radical Republicans set out to harshly punish the south xlix. Social 64. Jim Crow laws 65. Black codes 66. KKK p. Lynching q. Terrorism 67. Voting r. Poll taxes s. Literacy tests t. Grandfather Clause
V. African Americans in the Civil War t. Emancipation Proclamation l. Issued after Antietam li. Slaves freed in the Southern states that had seceded lii. African Americans allowed to enlist in the Union army liii. They received twenty two Congressional Medals of Honor u. Slaves in the South used for labor
I. United States Civil War: causes, course, and effects a. Cotton Economy and Slavery i. Cotton is King ii. Conditions of enslavement 1. “peculiar institution” of slavery frowned upon for a long time iii. Abolitionists 2. Underground Railroad a. Network of secret routes and safe houses used in helping slaves escape to free states b. Harriet Tubman i. Also known as Moses ii. Made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom iii. Most famous of the Underground Railroad’s conductors b. Origins of the civil war iv. Political issues
3. Balance of free states to slave states in Congress 4. The gag bill v. States’ rights 5. Dred Scott case c. Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property not people therefore had no rights d. South argued that each state had the right to secede vi. Modernization 6. Northern war time prosperity 7. Had an easier time paying for the war than the Suth vii. Sectionalism 8. Economic interests e. South iv. Agriculture v. Low tariff f. North vi. Industry vii. High tariff 9. Slavery issues g. Southern fear of slave riots viii. Fugitive slave laws passed h. Northern personal liberty laws passed ix. Northwest Ordinance and Missouri Compromise stop spread of slavery viii. Nullification Crisis 10. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions 11. States had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution c. Abolitionist Debate ix. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin 12. Impact i. Helped to fueled the northern abolitionist movement
II. Westward Expansion d. Causes x. Manifest Destiny e. Effects xi. Increased sectionalism xii. Mexican American War xiii. Mexican Cession f. Sectional debates xiv. South had plantation agriculture based on slave labor xv. North was industrialized and urbanized g. Crisis of the 1850s xvi. Territorial Crisis 13. Northern free soil interests vigorously sought to curtail any further expansion of slave soil 14. Slaveholding interests looked forward to the institution flourishing in these lands as well 15. It was these territorial disputes that the proslavery and antislavery forces collided over h. Kansas Nebraska Act xvii. Popular sovereignty xviii. Bleeding Kansas 16. Free-soilers from the north 17. Border Ruffians from the south i. Ostend Manifesto xix. Attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain xx. Angered northerners j. Lincoln Douglas Debates xxi. Put Lincoln into the lime light of politics xxii. Although Douglas won the Senate seat, Lincoln would go on to win the presidency xxiii. Most famous debate at Freeport Illinois 18. Douglas j. Freeport Doctrine x. Slavery would stay down in a state if it was voted down k. Election of 1860 xxiv. Won by Abraham Lincoln 19. Soon after South Carolina seceded from the Union l. Emancipation Proclamation xxv. Lincoln declared slaves in the seceded states to be free m. Jefferson Davis and the Confederacy xxvi. Capital located in Richmond Virginia
III. Union vs. Confederate n. Union xxvii. Strengths 20. Communication 21. Transportation 22. Industry, more wealth 23. North controlled the sea xxviii. Weaknesses xxix. Economic Resources 24. North had more economic resources 25. Was the North’s greatest strength xxx. Leaders 26. George B. Mclellan “Tardy George” 27. Ulysses S. Grant 28. William Tecumseh Sherman o. Confederate xxxi. Strengths 29. South only had to hold out until the North was tired of fighting 30. Homefield Advantage 31. More talented officers xxxii. Weaknesses 32. Scarcity of factories 33. Shortages of uniforms, shoes, blssnkets 34. Food supply problems xxxiii. Economic Resources 35. Agriculture 36. Economy was the South’s greatest weakness xxxiv. Leaders 37. Robert E. Lee 38. Thomas J. “Stonewall Jackson” p. Major Battles xxxv. Fort Sumter 39. Lincoln sends supplies to Fort Sumter k. South Carolina bombarded the fort l. Lincoln waged war on the South xxxvi. Bullrun 40. Confederate win 41. “Stonewall” Jackson showed up with reinforcements and the line held like a stonewall xxxvii. Seven Day’s Battle 42. Confederate win 43. Forced Union to give up the Peninsula Campaign xxxviii. Antietam 44. Union victory 45. Lee halted at Antietam 46. One of the bloodiest battles of the war 47. Victory allowed for Lincoln to issue his emancipation proclamation xxxix. Gettysburg 48. Union Victory 49. Broke the heart of the Confederate cause xl. Sherman burns Georgia 50. Total war xli. Northern troops capture Richmond 51. Lee cornered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia 52. End of the war q. Foreign powers xlii. Europe wanted to stay neutral in this conflict xliii. South hoped that King Cotton was powerful enough that the European countries would aid them in their efforts
IV. Reconstruction r. Success xliv. Economic 53. Improved tax system 54. Public works in transportation xlv. Political 55. Property rights no longer needed to hold office 56. No more planter aristocracy xlvi. Social 57. Civil Rights Act 58. 14th Amendment m. Citizenship given to African Americans 59. 15th Amendment n. African Americans given the right to vote 60. Women given property rights s. Failures xlvii. Economic 61. Carpetbaggers from the north 62. Sharecropping o. Majority of poor former slaves went back to working on plantations of their former masters for very little pay xlviii. Political 63. Radical Republicans set out to harshly punish the south xlix. Social 64. Jim Crow laws 65. Black codes 66. KKK p. Lynching q. Terrorism 67. Voting r. Poll taxes s. Literacy tests t. Grandfather Clause
V. African Americans in the Civil War t. Emancipation Proclamation l. Issued after Antietam li. Slaves freed in the Southern states that had seceded lii. African Americans allowed to enlist in the Union army liii. They received twenty two Congressional Medals of Honor u. Slaves in the South used for labor