What Is Inflammation?

1.INTRODUCTION Inflammation is the body’s immediate response to damage of its tissues and cells by pathogens, harmful stimuli, or physical injury. The inflammatory process is characterized by redness, swelling, an increase in temperature, loss of normal bodily function and pain. Inflammation is a protective response by the body towards cell injury. Cell injury may be due to; necrotic cells or tissue, the introduction of microbes (such as viruses or bacteria), toxins, hypoxia, etc. Inflammation is therefore the body’s way of attempting to remove the primary cause of inflammation and any damage that may have occurred as a result (Healing and repair).
Inflammation is a complicated series of biological reactions, only taking place in vascularized
• Acute inflammation is the body’s initial response to harmful stimuli and involves increased movement of plasma and immune cells from the blood into injured tissues, followed by a cascade of biochemical reactions that promote the inflammatory response. It is a complex response that involves many players, including the local circulatory system, the immune system, various cells within the injured tissue, and in certain cases, the micro biome (the microorganisms existing in a particular part of the body).
• chronic, inflammation, is a shift in the type of cells present at the site of inflammation, and the simultaneous destruction and restoration of the tissue. Inflammation is also responsible for transplant rejection, which is a major obstacle in organ transplant procedures.
Components of
Haemostasis is the process that retains the blood within the vascular system during periods ofinjury.Thecoagubility mechanism may be thought of as acomplex series of reactions involving development of enzymes from their precursors .most of the substances which are nessasary for coagulation are present in an inert form and must be converted to an activated state.as one enzyme is formed it then becomes a vailable to convert the next zymogen to its activated enzyme .this process continues until a fibrin mesh work clot has formed.in addition to the zymogen proteins cofactors and membrane phospholipids surfaces,calcium ions play an active role in final development of the fibrin clot.[Dr.Ghada et