However, this golden period came to an end due to the globalization, cheaper imports of oil and competition from foreign companies. Between 1950 and 1970 over one hundred coal mines were closed throughout the North East and deindustrialization of the region began (Middleton and Freestone, 2008). It caused thousands of unemployed workers and huge impact to the local economy.
To facing this problem, UK Government uses the strategy of culture-led