1. Locate the subheading “Pacemaker or Implantable Defibrillator” following the “Heart and Pericardium” heading in the CPT manual, read the special notes and guidelines provided and identify how electrodes may be inserted.…
Before the opening of Vatican II on 11 October 1962, the Church was separated from the secular world, as it was considered that everything not within Christianity was corrupt. Even so, sectarianism between different Christian denominations was very strong. Mass had also been spoken in Latin since 1570, and the laity were not supposed to read the Bible, and were merely observers to the liturgy, as all the ministries were done by the clergy.1 Since 1870, no Pope had an official engagement outside the Vatican, and mostly focused within the Catholic Church, however John XXIII changed this concept completely. He worked to reform the Catholic Church by calling the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). Vatican II was the first council of any sort in over 100 years, and in its course, over 2500 bishops attended the four sessions convened. Vatican II was considered “an engagement with the modern world…
It was the reformation and reconciliation of the Church. The council strengthened the Catholic doctrines and further spreaded Catholicism to more people; it also halted the future spread of Protestantism and won back the reputation of Catholic Church.…
Counter-Reformation: Faced with widespread revolt, the Roman Catholic Church called the Council of Trent (1545–1563) to reaffirm its authority over doctrine and ritual. While there was an effort to end corrupt and abusive practices, the…
A key component of the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church included The Council of Trent which implemented many duties contributing to the purposes that it had existed for. The Council addressed the mistakes of the Church, and attempted to fix them. The Council of Trent required the Bishops to stay in their own dioceses, suppressing pluralism and simony, as well as forbidding the sale of indulgences. Clerics who kept concubines now had to give them up. The jurisdiction of bishops over all the clergy of their dioceses was made almost absolute, and bishops were ordered to visit every church in their diocese at least once every two years. The Council required every diocese to establish a seminary for the education and training of the clergy The Council of Trent directed the curriculum that was to be taught, and insisted that preference for admission be given to sons of the poor. Seminary professors were to determine if candidates for ordination had genuine callings as determined by purity of life, separation from the secular life, and a steady inclination toward the priesthood. This was a ground-breaking idea, since from the time of the early church, parents had determined their children's religious careers. Great…
This caused the Catholic Church to lose its power. Many of the people wanted to keep the power and wealth local and not in the hands of the Pope. Humanist like Martin Luther that didn’t believe in the medieval education that had been taught in the educational system. Martin Luther became a big part of the Protestant Reformation when he began to question the Catholic Church and its beliefs in indulgence. Martin Luther began to believe that the only way of true salvation and forgiveness was from God himself and not from payments to the churches in return for forgiveness. Martin Luther began preaching to groups of people that to have a relationship with God they should follow Gods words in the Bible and not through the actions and words of the Pope. Martin Luther soon was excommunicated from the Catholic Church because of his teaching and beliefs. In the years 1545-1563 the held the Council of Trent which was meetings with church officials that addressed politics of practice that had been occurring issues of doctrine matters and addressing issues of the reformation. Jesuits the society of Jesus were individuals with high education…
Although the Council of Trent failed to bring peace to different religions, it was still a success in some aspects. The policies of the Catholic Church changed drastically after the Council of Trent. However, a community based on tradition and repetition kept some of the same policies they had before the Council had met between 1545 and 1563 in Trent, Italy. After the Council met, there was much less corruption in the church than before and new orders appeared to recruit people to Catholicism, but the Church did use torture and devastation to convert people to their religion just as they always had.…
The Catholic Church responded to the challenges posed by the Lutheran Reformation. The Council of Trent was created in order to change the Catholic Church. The ideas of the Lutheran reformation were becoming popular and therefore, the Catholic Church had lost many followers. The Council of Trent began the Catholic reformation by abolishing the corruption of the Catholic Church. In addition, the Council wanted to prevent the growth of Protestantism and affirm the beliefs of Catholicism. The Council of Trent was the key response to oppose the Lutheran Reformation.…
The main reasons for the Catholic Reformation was a response to Protestantism and a response to reform the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church was riddled with corruption and scandals such as simony(sale of church offices), absenteeism(priests not showing up to services), and the sale of indulgences(paying the church to absolve sins). Many priests were illiterate and some abused their powers for absolution of sins To reform the structure of Catholic church Pope Paul III had established the Council of Trent which consisted of Catholic cardinals who were responsible for handling the reforms of the Catholic Church. The Council of Trent is considered to be one of the Catholic Church's most important councils. The Council had 25 sessions from 1545-1563 that would address the issues of the Catholic church. The result of these 25 sessions were the validation of all 7 sacraments and the reaffirmation of Monasticism, celibacy of clergy Transubstantiation, and purgatory. Basically The Council of Trent fixed problems of Catholicism.…
In the textbook, The Western Experience, Mortimer Chambers states, “Although the culmination of these disruptions did not come until the Reformation in the 1500s, the history of the previous two centuries made it clear that the institution was profoundly troubled” (Chambers 347). The Avignon Exile, in which the center of power of the Papacy moved from its historic home in Rome to the French city of Avignon undermined the institution’s legitimacy. Several successive Popes stated that, at the time, the Papacy could not be effectively controlled in Rome, even though they expressed desire to return, showcasing administrative weakness (Chambers 347). Seven months after the return of the Pope to Rome, a second Pope was named, prompting the Great Schism. Although the Council of Pisa succeeded in ending this conflict, there were still long-term consequences. Chambers argues that the Papacy’s close association with Italian politics degraded its universal appeal, particularly in Northern nations, “undermining the centrality of the papacy to the life of Europe” (Chambers 349). The political and cultural influence that the Papacy previously experienced all across Europe had eroded away. Most telling is that nations such as England, France, and Spain issued decrees limiting the Church’s authority in their territory. Chambers notes that these acts clearly, “document the decline of papal control over the international Christian community” (Chambers…
Roman–Catholic Church reformed papacy to exterminate corruption and prove the value in the Catholic Church.…
This group, established by Pope Paul III in 1542, carried out the Roman Inquisition as a way to combat heresy. It had the power to arrest, imprison, and execute, but its influence was confined to papal territories. In 1545, after delay and miscarriage, the Council of Trent was convened by Paul III. This council was the central event of the Counter Reformation. In France the Counter Reformation took root, after the accession and conversion to Catholicism of Henry IV. In England the Counter Reformation took effect less in the restoration of the Roman Catholic Church under Queen Mary. The Jesuits led in foreign missions; in America it was the spirit of the Counter Reformation that led the missionaries to work for the Native Americans, often in opposition to the secular…
The Reformation caused commotion in the Catholic Church and reforms were needed. Following Luther's opposition, a council formed to respond to the issues of the Reformation, known as The Council of Trent. The council reformed the clergy, forbidding all corrupt practices and forbidding indulgences as a means of revenue. Also, salvation was recognised a gift from God but needed human co-operation, such as good acts. Many other practices of the Catholic Church were changed.…
The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that sought to reform the Catholic Church. This led to the creation of the new Protestant Church. The Protestant Reformation first broke out in Germany and Switzerland because Germany was not a strong centralized state and many people agreed with the Reformation. The criticism of the Church that helped begin the Reformation included absenteeism of members of the clergy, pluralism that led to absenteeism, the poor behavior of some of the members of the clergy, and the poor education of some of the members of the clergy. Key figures such as Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, and John Calvin influenced the Protestant Reformation, and although it was unsuccessful, the Catholic Church responded with the Council of Trent.…
* Question A requires you to conduct research in order to answer a set question, and then write your response in timed conditions in class without your notes. You will have 20 minutes to answer this question in class.…