Why Has Anti-Social Behaviour Been a Key Concern of Post-1997 Governments and Evaluate the Initiatives That Have Been Put Forward to Tackle the Problem?
Why has anti-social behaviour been a key concern of post-1997 governments and evaluate the initiatives that have been put forward to tackle the problem?
Since 1997, the Labour party have increasingly emphasized the need to tackle the widespread problem of anti-social behaviour (ASB) with many legislations and a variety of initiatives to succeed this. This assignment will define the term anti-social behaviour and explore the rationale for making this a key concern, with the influence of Broken Windows Thesis. It will then discuss the key legislations created to deal with this problem and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the two of the main initiatives deployed to tackle ASB, Dispersal Orders and Antisocial Behaviour Orders. Current government proposals to tackle ASB will also be discussed to analyse the nature of the problem we have in England and Wales.
Anti-social behaviour has been defined in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 as "behaviour likely to cause alarm, harassment or distress to members of the public not of the same household as the perpetrator"(Crime and Disoder Act, 1998, Section 1a).It is difficult to simply define ASB due to people’s differing perceptions however the main forms of ASB includes a variety of behaviours such as nuisance or inconsiderate neighbours, minor violence, intimidating and threatening behaviour, racial abuse, hoax calls and street drinking (Millie et al; 2005). ASB is fuelled by broader problems of unemployment, social exclusion and poverty and its effects can reduce the quality of life through fear of crime in some areas but the impacts are most destructive in those communities that are already vulnerable to crime (Wood, 2004). The 2003/04 British Crime Survey showed that 34% of respondents who reside in inner city areas thought levels of ASB were high in their area (Millie et al;2005) and that since the introduction of ASBOS (these will be discussed further into the essay) to September 2005, 7,356 of these orders have
Since 1997, the Labour party have increasingly emphasized the need to tackle the widespread problem of anti-social behaviour (ASB) with many legislations and a variety of initiatives to succeed this. This assignment will define the term anti-social behaviour and explore the rationale for making this a key concern, with the influence of Broken Windows Thesis. It will then discuss the key legislations created to deal with this problem and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the two of the main initiatives deployed to tackle ASB, Dispersal Orders and Antisocial Behaviour Orders. Current government proposals to tackle ASB will also be discussed to analyse the nature of the problem we have in England and Wales.
Anti-social behaviour has been defined in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 as "behaviour likely to cause alarm, harassment or distress to members of the public not of the same household as the perpetrator"(Crime and Disoder Act, 1998, Section 1a).It is difficult to simply define ASB due to people’s differing perceptions however the main forms of ASB includes a variety of behaviours such as nuisance or inconsiderate neighbours, minor violence, intimidating and threatening behaviour, racial abuse, hoax calls and street drinking (Millie et al; 2005). ASB is fuelled by broader problems of unemployment, social exclusion and poverty and its effects can reduce the quality of life through fear of crime in some areas but the impacts are most destructive in those communities that are already vulnerable to crime (Wood, 2004). The 2003/04 British Crime Survey showed that 34% of respondents who reside in inner city areas thought levels of ASB were high in their area (Millie et al;2005) and that since the introduction of ASBOS (these will be discussed further into the essay) to September 2005, 7,356 of these orders have
References: Arthur, R (2010). Young Offenders and the Law: How the Law Responds to Youth Offending. Abingdon: Routledge Burke, R (2004). Hard Cop, Soft Cop Crawford A and Lister, S (2007) The Use and Impact of Dispersal Orders: Sticking Plasters and Wake-Up Calls. EnglandL Policy Press. Crime and Disorder Act 1998. London: HMSO. Flint, J (2006). Housing, Urban Governance And Anti-social Behaviour: Perspectives, Policy and Practise Gibson, B and Cavadino, P (2008). The Criminal Justice System: An Introduction. 3rd ed. Hampshire: Waterside Press. Holt, L (2011). Geographies of Children, Youth and Families: An International Perspective. Abington: Routledge. Home Office. (2011). The Criminal Behaviour Order . Available:http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/consultations/asb-consultation/criminal-behaviour-order?view=Html. Last accessed 28/02/2013. Home Office (2012) Putting Victims First: More Effective Responses to Anti-social Behaviour. London: TSO, Cm 8367. Jacobson, J, Millie, A and Hough, M. (2005). Tackling Anti-Social Behaviour: A Critical Review. Available: http://www.academia.edu/849811/Tackling_Anti-Social_Behaviour_A_Critical_Review. Last accessed 26th Feb 2013. Jacobson, J., Millie, A. and Hough, M. (2008) ‘Why Tackle Anti-social Behaviour?’. In: P. Squires (ed) ASBO Nation: The Criminalisation of Nuisance. Bristol: The Policy Press. Kelling, George and Catherine Cole (1996). Fixing Broken Windows. New York: The Free Press. Kemshall, H. (2013) Introduction, in Crime and Social Policy (ed H. Kemshall),Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Millie, A (2009). Anti-Social Behaviour. England: Open University Press Millie, A, Jacobson, J, McDonald, E and Hough, M (2005). Anti-Social Behaviour Strategies Newburn, T (2007). Criminology. Devon: Willian Publishing. Parton, N and Frost, N (2009). Understanding Childrens Social Care. London: Sage Publications Ltd Smith, D (2010). A New Response to Youth Crime Sutherland. E, Goodall.K, Little. G and Davidson. F (2011). Law Making and the Scottish Parliament: The Early Years . Edinburgh: University Press Squires Wood (2004) Perceptions and experiences of anti-social behaviour, Home Office Findings 252, London: Home Office