“At De Beers there has always been a clear recognition that, while our primary purpose as a business shapes what it is that we do, it is how we work that defines who we are.” -Nicky Oppenheimer
Executive Chairman, De Beers
Introduction
For generations, diamonds have been marketed as tokens of power and love. For some however, diamonds have a more utilitarian appeal. Easily concealed, immensely valuable and largely untraceable, stones from rebel-held mines have raised billions of dollars on world markets to finance revolution in Angola, Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). For years these
"conflict diamonds" have encourage rebel leaders to arm and equip their armies in violation of UN weapons and financial sanctions.
Diamond monopoly
De Beers is notable for its monopolistic practices throughout the 20th century, whereby it used its dominant position to control the international diamond market. The company used several techniques to exercise this manipulation over the market: Firstly, it persuade independent producers to join its single channel monopoly, it flooded the market with diamonds similar to those of producers who refused to join the cartel, and lastly, it purchased and stockpiled diamonds produced by other manufacturers in order to price control through supply. In 2000, the De Beers forced to change the model, due to certain unavoidable factors such as the decision by producers in Russia, Canada and Australia, to distribute diamonds outside of the De Beers channel, thus effectively ending the monopoly. The De Beers family of companies started operating under a set of guiding rules known as the Diamond Trading Company Best Practice Principles (BBP). The BPPs promote amenable behaviour throughout the diamond value chain. It is applicable to the family of companies, its suppliers and to Sight holders and their contractors. The BPPs address performance with respect to