WIMAX

Table of Contents
1.Introduction 3 1.1 Background………………………… 1.1 Overview…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 1.2 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.Methodology 4
2.1Guideline Books 5 2.2 Web Browsing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 2.3 Research Articles…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........8 2.4 Social Survey
3.Discussion
3.1 Analysis of Internet Protocol in communication networking. 3.1.1 TCP/IP Technology 3.1.2 TCP/IP Protocols stack 3.1.3

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The Internet protocols are the world’s most open system protocol suite because they can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks and are equally well suited for LAN and WAN communications. The Internet protocol consists of a suite of communication protocols, of which the two best known are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). The IP suits not only include the lower layer protocol (such as TCP and IP) , but it also specifies some of the applications such as: Electronic mail and File Transfer.
Internet Protocols were firstly developed in mid- 1970s, when the DARPA ( Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency) became interested in establishing a packet-switched network that would facilate communication between dissimilar computer system in research institutions. The result of this development effort was Internet Protocol suite , completed in 1970s.
TCP/IP later was included with Berkeley Software Distributions (BSD) UNIX and has since become the foundation on which the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are based.
The documentation of the Internet Protocols (including new or revised protocols) and policies are specified in technical reports called Request for Comments (RFC’s), which are published and then reviewed and analyzed the Internet community. And, the protocols refinements are published in the new RFCs.
1.2 Overview In these days, the evolution of technology has been rapidly turning in advanced mode. The protocols are also mainly responsible for it. An actual communications are defined by various communication protocols, without standard protocols any network model itself doesn’t provides specific communication methods. In the context of data communication, A Protocols is a formal set of rules, conventions and data structure that governs how computers and other network devices exchange information over a network. In other words, Protocols is a standard procedure and format that two data communication must understand, accept and use to be able to talk each other.
A wide variety of communication protocols are in existence. These protocols are defined by many well-known standard organizations throughout the world and by technology vendors overs years of technology evolution and development. One of the most popular and important protocols suites is TCP/IP, which is also known as the heart of internetworking communications. The IP (Internet Protocol) is responsible for exchanging information between routers while, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for ensuring the data packets which are transmitted across the network reliably and error free. The LAN and WAN are also the critical protocols in communication networking.
Today’s new technologies are based on accumulation over years of technologies, which may be still existing or obsolete. Because of this, the protocols which define the network communications, are highly inter-related. Many protocols rely on others for operation. For example, many routing protocols use other network protocols to exchange information between routers.
In modern protocol design, the protocols are layered according to OSI (Open System Inter-connection ) model. Layering is a design principle which divides the protocol design into to the number of smaller parts. Layering is also permits familiar protocols to be adapted to unusual circumstances. The header in each layer reflects the structure of the protocols. Actually, detailed procedures and rules of protocols are often defined by lengthy document. For example:- IETF uses RFCs(Request For Comments) to define protocols and updates the protocols.
Most of recent protocols are designed by IETF for Internet working communication, and IEEE for local area networking (LAN) metropolitan area networking (MAN) and telecommunications protocols. ISO also has its own suites of protocols for internetworking communications, which is mainly developed in European countries.

1.1Objectives
1. To understand the TCP/IP technology in communication networking.
2. To understand the stack part of the TCP/IP in communication networking.
3. To understand the Advantages of TCP/IP in real world.
4. To understand the working mechanism of TCP/IP. 2. Methodology
2.1 Guideline Books
The primary source for my research is the protocols guideline books. I uses most of the books related to protocols but primary books are 2nd edition of protocol handbook and 4th edition of Data communication and networking by Behrouz A. Forouzan. This helps me a lot for this research. This guidelines hardcopy has mentioned the detailed information of networking communication architecture and protocols, Different Applications, Network communication protocol maps, working mechanism of protocols, Advantages and Disadvantages of protocols etc. 2.2 Web Browsing
The Internet surfing process is one of the best way to collect and find out the actual descriptions and information. I often use various search engines like: Google, Ask, etc. for my research because it contains all the information related to the development history of protocols, working mechanism, application parts of protocol, system model structure of protocols, etc. Though My primary source of gathering information are Protocol guidelines books and Research articles but it also help me a lot for other related tasks like visual description of system architecture used in protocols and so on.
2.3 Research Articles
However, this type of method is similar to Guideline book but I preferred it in different way by searching articles in internet rather than searching hardcopy. This was also helpful for my research. The s

3. Discussion
3.1 Analysis of TCP/IP in Computer Networking
3.1.1 TCP/IP Architecture Model
TCP/IP architecture model is different from OSI model. It has only four layer which is less than OSI. The Four layer of it is designed in such a way that when data is sent, each layer treats all of the information from upper layer of the data, adds control information to the front of the data and then pass to lower layer. And when data is received , the opposite procedure takes place and removes its header before passing the data to the upper layer. It has four layer that has been described below:
(i)Application layer:- It groups the function of OSI Application, Presentation layer and Session layer. Most of the application layer protocols are associated with one or more port number.
(ii)Transport layer:- Here , we have two Transportation protocol which are TCP and UDP. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) gurantees the information transmission and UDP(User Datagram Protocol) transports datagram without end-to-end realibility.
(iii) Network layer:- However, IP is the primary protocol for TCP/IP Network layer. There are also other protocol like ICMP to manager routing process.
(iv)Network Access layer:- The Data link layer and are Physical layer are grouped together to become a Network Access layer in TCP/IP.

3.1.2 How TCP/IP Protocol Stack Works?
In above figure, we can see the TCP/IP Protocol stack block diagram which includes 4 layers: Application layer, Transportation layer, Network layer and Network Access layer. Now, we will discuss the working mechanism of different stack protocols. There are many protocols included in four layer of TCP/IP which is shown detailed in below table chart:-