Direct competitive cocaine immunoassay was performed in a transparent high binding 96 well microtiter plate. Each well was coated with 200 µL of 1mg/L anti-mouse IgG in PBS (phosphate buffered saline, 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 70 mM sodium hydrogen phosphate, 145 mM sodium chloride, pH 7.6). The microtiter plate was left over night for shaking at 750 rpm. Therefore, the plate was washed three times with automatic 96-channel plate washer by washing buffer (45 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, 0,375 mM dipotassium phosphate. 1.5 M Potassium sorbate, Tween 20, pH 7.6). Afterwards, 200µL of benzoylecgonine (BEC) antibody diluted in PBS (0.005 µg/mL) was added to each well and incubated for 1 hour with shaking. This step was preceded by three cycles of washing and 100 µL of standards were added to each well.…
Describe the effects of cocaine on the brain and how it may effect emotion and memory.…
2. This paper did not significantly change its approach during the course of the study, but did suggest alterations to make in order to produce more accurate results. For example, the study occasionally switched to single blind administration of treatment instead of double blind. Also, the study used a larger error range (α=0.05 instead of 0.01), but stated that had it used a tighter error range, many of its results would have been insignificant. The study suggests varying its cocaine cues, more sessions to assess the effectiveness of the treatments (as opposed to the two in this study), and having more effective administration of cocaine cues (some subjects may have paid less attention at the second session).…
Wahshton, A. M. (1988). Cocaine addiction: Treatment, recovery, and relapse prevention. New York: W. W. Norton.…
Nader, M.A., Banks,M.L., 2014. Environmental modulation of drug taking : Nonhuman primate models of cocaine abuse and PET neuroimaging. Neuropharmacology, [e-journal] 76(8). Available through: THOL1Search website < http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.sunway.edu.my/eds/detail?sid=ee584d41-71e5-4321-afb3-3fe3f58ec8dc%40sessionmgr4003&vid=1&hid=4113&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.349137284> [Accessed 5 April…
What are some short-term effects of using cocaine? Some short-term effects of using cocaine are as follows: Constricted blood vessels, increases blood pressure and heart rate. It also produces feelings of euphoria as well as anxiety, depression, and excitement. It can also cause seizures and even an overdose. Other effects are increased temperature, and dilated pupils, nervousness, and some paranoia. It produces a feeling of increased energy and well-being. Long-term effects include erratic, delusional or paranoid paranoia. Smoking crack cocaine can produce a particularly aggressive paranoid behavior in users. When addicted individuals stop using cocaine, they often become depressed. Prolonged cocaine snorting can result in ulceration of the mucous membrane of the nose. Acute cocaine poisoning leads to profound CNS stimulations, progressing to convulsions, which can lead to respiratory or cardic arrest.…
Megan was 23 years old when she first transitioned from pain pills to heroin. She quickly became addicted and eventually lost everything due to her addiction. When she finally hit rock bottom and decided to seek treatment, she was not sure she would be able to recover. Megan entered a rehabilitation center and began the process of detoxification. Once she had detoxed, she was placed on a drug called methadone to control her cravings. After a couple months of being off heroin, she started attending a 12-step program that offered the support she needed to stay off the drug. Today, Megan is 5 years clean and attending college to become a drug and alcohol counselor. Even though heroin addiction is hard to recover from, with detoxification, methadone treatment, and a 12-step program recovery from heroin addiction is possible.…
Millions of Americans tend to abuse the use of illegal drug, and regularly become reoccurring drug addicts. Drug addiction in the use of illegal drugs can exceed more than a billion dollars annually in the United States alone. Drug abuse can also affect health including mental disorders that are described to be a destructive pattern of using a substance that leads to important problems. Drug abuse is known to lead to problems involving withdrawal which occurs in heavy users of substances. Withdrawal is medically known to last days to weeks at times; depending on how long the individual has been involved in the drug usage.…
The triggers for her occur when she has pain, discomfort, or the inability to sleep. It was concluded that the subject does not experience withdrawal from her use but does experience slight consequences or impairments. She feels as if the drug makes her feel mentally impaired and forgetful. This feeling forms an unwillingness to do daily activities. It is also mentioned that the subject feels “hungover” if she uses too much right before she goes to sleep. However, the respondent also feels as if her life has not been changed or affected due to her current substance use.…
Many of the world’s most famous accidents may have been avoided if only “people [would] learn to [recognize] sleep debt and how it is affecting them” (502). Those of us who deprive our bodies of sleep will begin to think of nothing but sleep. William C. Dement carries out many tests dealing with sleep.…
This course provides a basic introduction to the biopsychological effects of the major classes of abused and therapeutic drugs, including cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, narcotics, marijuana, hallucinogens and psychotropic medications. There will be a strong neuroscience orientation in this course and recommended preparation includes Introductory Psychology (Psych 105 or equivalent) and some basic background in biological approaches to the study of behavior. The course will follow the textbook closely with supplemental materials assigned as needed.…
No, we should not count on drugs in dealing with osteoporosis because we will tend to forget the little things in the end which truly help us maintain strong and healthy bones, such as lifting weights and eating healthy. Many will use this as an excuse so that they may not have to…
Consumption of cocaine and methamphetamine will induce wakefulness, increased physical activity, decreased appetite, increased respiration, hyperthermia, euphoria. Effects of methamphetamine include irritability, insomnia, confusion, paranoia, and aggressiveness. Since it is known that it is difficult for nerve cells to be regenerated after having been damaged, it is a clear indication that use of this drug in small or large quantities, cause irreversible damages in the CNS. This observation was reported in a study by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which also found that individuals who have a long history of abuse have reduced levels in dopamine transporters, which are associated with slowed motor skills and weakened memories in the individuals. (2)…
References: Adult Health Advisor. (Last updated: 2005). Cocaine Intoxication. Retrieved: May 1, 2007 from http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_cocintox_bha.htm…
In the United States there are up to 1.5 million children from the ages of five to fifteen work in harsh conditions in the United States' agriculture industry. Agriculture is one of the most dangerous occupations for workers in the United States1. These children sometimes worked twelve-hour days, they would do hard and tough physical labor, and these children would risk heat illness, exposure to pesticides, serious injuries, and permanent disabilities. Working in these conditions would their life expectancy to only about forty-nine years of age. “Forty-five percent of these children drop out of school and are sentenced to a lifetime…