To what extent were Russian industry and agriculture transformed in the years 1881-1914?
Over the years 1881 to 1914, in relation to Russia’s industry and agriculture, multiple transformations occurred due to the decisions of both Peter Stolypin and Sergei Witte. These transformations as a whole from both men were successful in moving Russia forward and improving the areas of which they focused. For example Witte improved Russia’s production of raw material during the “great spurt” and stolypin reformed agriculture through things such as the strip system.
Sergei Witte contributed massively to the industrial and economic expansion in Russia in the 1890s but only later on, after the economic trouble of 1901-1902 where 2400 firms closed, and during the “great spurt”(1892 did he make huge improvements. A major example of how Witte improved Russia’s industrial standing was the completion of the trans-Siberian railway in 1903 after its 10 year construction. It extended Russia’s railways from 30,000km in 1890 to 60,000km in 1904, and therefore Since the railway stretched across most of Russia, it allowed for resources in areas such as Siberia to be made use of since prior to its construction there was no way to reach them. This was reflected in the increasing production of coal, iron and oil, which all nearly tripled in-between 1900 and 1910. Communication between the central cities of Russia such as Baku, St. Petersburg and Moscow increased along with their populations due to people making use of the railway and migrating to the cities. Baku for example grew from 12 thousand people in 1897 to 211 thousand people, and due to it being the centre of oil production, oil output rose from 3.9 million tonnes to 9.7 in 1910. Witte therefore, through the Tran Siberian railway system drastically transformed Russia’s industry. Alongside this he had accomplishments in other areas such as the economy, for example in 1894 he managed to produce 30% of