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ROBIN LAKOFF
Born in 1942, Robin Lakoff studied at Radcliffe College and Harvard University, where she earned undergraduate and graduate degrees. Currently, she is a professor of linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley. An early contributor to MS magazine which was founded in 1972 to give expression to the feminist movement in the United States, Professor Lakoff has long shown interest in the role of language i 10510i812k n women's lives. The following essay was first published in Ms in 1974.
You Are What You Say[1]
“Women’s language” is that pleasant (dainty?), euphemistic never-aggressive way of talking we learned as little girls. Cultural bias was built into the language we were allowed to speak, the subjects we were allowed to speak about, and the ways we were spoken of. Having learned our linguistic lesson well, we go out in the world, only to discover that we are communicative cripples -- damned if we do, and damned if we do not.
If we refuse to talk “like a lady”, we are ridiculed and criticised for being unfeminine. (“She thinks like a man” is, at best, a left-handed compliment.) If we do learn all the fuzzy-headed, unassertive language of our sex, we are ridiculed for being unable to think clearly, unable to take part in a serious discussion, and therefore unfit to hold a position of power.
It doesn't take much of this for a woman to begin feeling she deserves such treatment because of inadequacies in her own intelligence and education. “Women’s language” shows up in all levels of English. For example, women are encouraged and allowed to make far more precise discriminations in