Work Experience Among Immigrants

According to the outcomes of the literature review, a number of studies across Canada and United States have examined factors that influence immigrants’ labor market outcomes. One of these studies conducted by Schaafsma J. and Arthur S. demonstrates a correlation between age at immigration and earnings (Schaafsma, 2001). The results of this research conclude that the value of work experience in the source country is insignificant compared to host country work experience; the return to education varies with age at immigration, and acculturation effect significantly affects immigrants who are visible minorities or whose first language is not English. The research carried by Ferrer A. and Riddell C., using 1981 to 2001 Census data, examines how the immigrant’s human
The research also found that completion of educational programs in Canada associated with higher raise in immigrant’s earnings in comparison to natives. Another study of Ferrer A, Green D. and Riddell C. examines the influence of literacy on immigrant earnings and the sources of lower returns to education and experience among immigrants. The study found that the native population literacy distribution prevails that for immigrants; however, both groups obtain similar returns to literacy skills (Ferrer A., 2006). Another research paper carried out by Abbott M. and Beach C. investigates the difference in immigrant earnings for males in Canada and its changes over time leading up to 1972. Using age as a birth-year index, the study has found that cross-sectional earnings differentials of male immigrants became wider since the later 1960s compared to native-born workers due to a steepening of earnings-experience profiles for native workers, a flattening of the years-since-migration earnings profile for immigrants (Abbott,