The process of deriving the new drug starts in the laboratory. The chemical formula of the drug are composed in the lab and also called as the vitro testing. This type of testing performed before the drug can be tested on the animals or humans. The vitro testing gives the chemical description of the new drug and formulates the base and additional supplements. After vitro testing is done, the vivo testing starts on the animals. This process includes testing to figure out the possible side effects, level of toxicity, adverse effect and addiction. During this phase the pharmacodynamics of the drug is explored, which includes the calculation of the drug’s effect whether it desired or undesired and it always depends on the time and dose. During the testing on the animals also develops the frequency distribution curve, half-life, median effective dose (ED50), median toxicity dose and therapeutic index.…
Several patients with breast cancer receive chemo- therapy after surgery to substantially decrease the threat of relapse, and generally are accompanied by prescriptions of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. According to the article, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting continues to be substantial and disturbing side effects…
The twenty-first century has seen pharmaceutical companies grow in unprecedented size and strength. Due to the unprecedented growth the larger pharmaceutical companies have gained leverage and power in the prescription drug industry, but they lack innovation to market and they seek ways to help the business continue to increase its profits. The pharmaceutical industry was once ethically sound and was a valuable player in the development of human health. However, overtime with the lack of innovation pharmaceutical companies are becoming an unethical market that exploits patients, doctors and anyone else it can to increase its profitability. With eyes only on profitability this can create a hazard for patients because there is deficient testing of the drugs prior to the drugs hitting the American market. In this research paper we will cover the many facets of PharmaCare, Coleria, and Wellco and the drug AD23 side effects, and its manufacturing in an impoverished nation with the low wages and unsafe working conditions. All of which will be covered throughout this document.…
Chemotherapy management is a highly complex job in both inpatient and outpatient clinics. McKesson's Horizon Meds Manager is a pharmacy information system servicing the chemotherapy pharmacy for patients with cancer in a hospital and clinic. When the patient has signed in, an armband is printed containing a barcode specific to that patient. Doctors input chemotherapy orders in the electronic order entry system by using chemotherapy order sets. Medication orders are sent to the pharmacy information system. The Pharmacist reviews the medication order and creates the orders, including a schedule for drug administration. Details regarding the drug, drug dose, and drug schedule are both printed on the drug label containing the patient's barcode…
Doxorubicin is a secondary metabolite produced by sterptomyces peucetius var.caesius and belongs to ANTs (2). Doxorubicin is an efficient anti-neoplaastic agent used for treatment of child and adult cancers such as solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma and breast cancer (2). Optimal administration of doxorubicin is hampered due to some toxicity such as hematopoietic suppression, nausea, vomiting, extravasation, alopecia and cardiotoxicity (2). Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity has a high incidence (2). Cardiotoxicity includes short- and long-term toxic effects in the heart including alterations in mayocardial structure and function to severe cardiomyopathy and heart failure that may result in heart transplantation or death. Chronic cardiotoxicity…
When you or a relative has a habit, it's truly a heart wrenchingly dismal process for everyone included. The perfect choice you have before you is to find the best medication treatment focus that will enable the reliance to vanish for all time. In any case picking the ideal medication treatment focus is a particularly intense process. When you choose the best focus, your chances of progress extend considerably.…
Although a lot of people believe that vaccinations aren’t always the best thing to turn to and also believe that they make patients prone to the specific sickness, vaccine-preventable diseases haven’t gone away. In a time when people can travel across the world, it’s not hard to see how easy it is to contract diseases from all over the world. Vaccines are just as important to your health then just healthy foods such as a diet and exercise, but they can also mean the difference between life and death.…
The article that I choose for this assignment will review the interventions and prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting. Unfortunately nausea and vomiting are one of the unexpected result of chemotherapy that can affect the physiological and psychological wellbeing of a cancer patient. This distressing side effect can be dose reducing or possibly severe enough to discontinue therapy. There have been significant progress in the handling of nausea and vomiting. This article will examine present pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for reducing chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.…
Vaccines are an essential part of preventative care throughout life. Their purpose is to protect people and prevent them from catching diseases that can be dangerous and even life threatening . Before vaccines were created, almost everyone in the U.S. contracted the measles and a about couple hundred would die yearly from it. Today, it’s rare for a doctor to see someone infected with measles. The development of vaccines is a long and complex process that takes about 10-15 years. Vaccines protect people and those who cannot get vaccinated due to either being too young or allergic, there are a few people who voluntarily opt out from having their children getting vaccinated. People of the anti-vaccine movement refuse to have their children vaccinated because of their personal beliefs, and in return can be threatening for those who are unable to be vaccinated due to age, health and pregnancy. Even though there has been evidence that autism is not linked to vaccines, many people still refuse to have their children vaccinated. While some children are being protected by others that are vaccinated, it is only weakening the immunity herd as vaccinations decline. Immunity herd is when a large portion of the community is immunized against contagious disease in which there is a less chance of an outbreak. For those who cannot get…
Former President Theodore Roosevelt said “Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.” Finding that “work worth doing” has been quite the challenge for me, but I believe I have found it now. Medicine was not the first passion I sought. It was actually to become a pilot because my father used to be one. But possibly pursuing a career in the healthcare industry did come about when I was 9, after I saw pictures of my dad’s arthroscopic knee surgery and the x-ray which completely amazed me. Seeing my dad’s recovery process from such a major operation, along with multiple family members and friends become physicians themselves gave me much insight to the profession. I was able to see a knee operation similar to my dad’s while shadowing Dr. Robert Foster at Texas Orthopedics, where I was also allowed to stand right next to Dr. Foster and assist in handing him the surgical tools and listen to him telling me exactly what he is doing throughout the procedure. And then, following a morning of operating was the afternoon clinic hours at which I got to see the patient-doctor interaction happen, where I got to see assurance of recovery in the patients and trust in the doctor develop and grow. The experience only kept encouraging me to strive for a rewarding career.…
Breast Cancer is a type of cancer originating from the breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of the milk ducts. Most commonly it is found in the inner lining of the milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Breast Cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breasts. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into surrounding tissues or spread to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get it too.…
People all across the world should help support lung cancer because it kills thousands of people every single year. Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States in both men and women. ( lung cancer 1 ) Tobacco smoke is responsible for about 85% percent of United States Lung Cancer deaths. ( lung cancer 1 ) Lung Cancer is a very serious case and needs as much support and attention it can get to save lives. Smoking increases the risk of Lung Cancer even more for those already at risk because of exposure to radon. ( lung cancer 2 ) The risk of Lung Cancer is even higher among asbestos workers who also smoke. ( lung cancer 3 ) The best way to prevent Lung Cancer is to never smoke at all. Lung Cancer needs to be supported by people because it takes away lives every day.…
“My grandfather was diagnosed with stage four lung cancer at the end of October in 2007 and passed away March 7, 2008. As soon as he was diagnosed, at the recommendation of a close family friend who is an MD but believes in a holistic approach, he met with Dr. Marc Schwartz, who is a nutritionist. He told my grandfather fifty percent of people fail their battle with cancer because of nutrition, so just by being at that meeting my grandfather was already in the top half of that category. The cancer was taking my grandfather, a lifelong athlete, down quickly and by December he’d lost the ability to walk. Once the juicing and supplements had had the chance to take hold in his body, we saw his energy…
I chose to research childhood Leukemia because it is the most common cancer in children and teens, and accounts for almost 1 out of 3 cancers. Just the fact that it could take a life, a child’s life, so easily made me want to learn more about this deadly cancer.…
Oncology nursing is a very significant career. An oncology nurse provides care for patients who have cancer and to those who are at risk for getting the degree. This type of nurse has to have patience and be passionate with their work. They do more than care for cancer patients they will administer chemotherapy, and monitor physical conditions. However in the time it takes to read this paper 10 or more persons will be diagnosed with cancer in America which will make this career more demanding…