Yeast Sucrose Lab Report

During stage one raw materials must be converted to sugars through a process that is known as fermentation. Sugars in the form of sucrose are mostly used by humans (Alexander N.Glazer). Sugar cane and sugar beet are composed of 20% sucrose, 75% water, 5% cellulose and about 1% is inorganic salts (Alexander N.Glazer). Sucrose is extracted with water by using mechanical pressure from the sugarcane. On the other hard the beet is peeled and crushed. Sucrose that was extracted from sugarcane is a highly effective substrate that is used during yeast fermentation (Alexander N.Glazer). An enzyme that breaks down sugar is produced by the yeast . The enzyme is produced in the cytoplasm as well as in a secreted form. This enzyme is a catalyst for the
They are composed of two sections: a water soluble and water insoluble fraction (Alexander N.Glazer). Amylose is water soluble and makes up 20% of starch, while amylopection makes up 80% of the starch molecule. Amylopectin is also a molecule that has a high molecular weight (Alexander N.Glazer). The primary starch is cornstarch. To make cornstarch, dry corn is grinded, followed by the addition of water. The mixture of dry corn and water is then sent to a cooker (Alexander N.Glazer). This mixture is then heated up in order to break down the starch to make it susceptible to hydrolysis (Alexander N.Glazer). An alpha amylase enzyme which will not be broken down by heat is added in order to get the starch in a liquid form. A glucoamylse is finally added and it will use water (hydrolysis) to break down polymers of starch to form
This is done before the cellulose is broken down. The other method involves the usage of hydrolytic enzymes (Alexander N.Glazer). This enzyme catalysis the conversion of cellulose to another type of sugar called glucose. During this process the lignin is still undissolved and it is removed through a filtration process (Alexander N.Glazer). The glucose solution is then converted to alcohol through fermentation (Alexander N.Glazer). The process was developed at Natick Laboratories (Alexander N.Glazer). It involves the unsettling of wood by using physical means, followed by cellulose break down by using enzymes. lignocellulose is chopped up and added to water. Trichoderma reesei cellulases are obtainded from a broth culture (Alexander N.Glazer). The organism that was taken from the broth culture was cultured on materials that contained cellulose (Alexander N.Glazer). Enzymes are added to the biomass where cellulose is then converted to glucose with a success rate of 45%. A 10% glucose solution is obtained and it is then used to produce alcohol by transferring the solution to a fermenter (Alexander