Manipulation Theory
By moizhao| April 2013
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A Brief Account on Andre Lefevere’s Manipulation Theory
Abstract: In 1990s,there was a wave breakthrough in translation theory made by Andre
Lefevere and Susan Bassnett. They went beyond the word-to-word or text level in translation studies and developed it to culture studies, later termed by Mary SnellHornby as ‘cultural turn’. This article mainly deals with one kind of culture turn put forward by Andre Lefevere, that is, translation as rewriting. 中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/5/view-2131279.htm Key Words: cultural turn; rewriting; ideology; patronage; poetics
I06 文献标识码:D 文章编号:1006-026X(2009)-14-0168-02
1. Introduction
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In the year 1990,after the publishing of the book named Translation, History and
Culture co-authored by Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, the concept of “cultural turn ”has been firstly raised. Thus, a lot of translators were deeply enlightened and encouraged, and they made some breakthroughs in the field of translation studies.
Another school of western translation theory is formed, that is, cultural school.
2. Foundation and Development
In1970s,the Israeli scholar Itamar Even-Zohar developed polysystem theory from the ideas of Russian Formalist School. Afterwards, Shuttleworth and Cowie defined it as: The polysystem is conceived as a heterogeneous, hierarchized conglomerate (or system)of system which interact to bring about an ongoing, dynamic process of evolution within the polysystem as a whole.
Polysystem theory has broken through the traditional descriptive mode and see literary translation as a part of the social, cultural, literary and historical framework. It makes translation studies develop from a static in linguistic analysis of shifts and one-to-one equivalence into an investigation of the position of translated literature as a whole in the historical and literary system of the