A Literature Review of Emergency and Non-Emergency Events
TECHNICAL NOTES
A Literature Review of Emergency and Non-Emergency
Events
Minkyu Lee
Fire Protection Research Foundation
© August 2012
The Fire Protection Research Foundation
One Batterymarch Park
Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 02169-7471
E-Mail: foundation@nfpa.org
Web: www.nfpa.org/foundation
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Executive Summary
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® , contains information that is useful not only in fire related emergencies but also in non-fire emergencies and non-emergency situations. To better clarify the application of NFPA 101 to non-fire emergency and non-emergency situations, multiple applicable scenarios have been identified and summarized in this document. These incidents and documents were gathered to provide background information for the Technical Committees for
NFPA 101 (and other documents), for the evaluation of the potential for non-fire-emergencies and non-emergency scenarios which include some form of individual and crowd dynamics.
Acknowledgements
The Fire Protection Research Foundation expresses gratitude to those that assisted with the development and review of the information contained in this report. The Research Foundation appreciates the guidance provide by the Project Technical Panel: Rita Fahy, Harold Hansen,
Jason Averill, Amy Murdock, Robert Solomon, and Jeff Tubbs. Special thanks are expressed to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for funding this project.
Note: This document was revised in October 2012. Specifically, the number of casualties that occurred at the Electric Daisy Carnival (incident number 25 on pages 12 and 28) was modified from 19 deaths to no death based on further clarifying information.
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A Literature Review of Emergency and Non-Emergency Events
Minkyu Lee
Background
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® , is well known for its
A Literature Review of Emergency and Non-Emergency
Events
Minkyu Lee
Fire Protection Research Foundation
© August 2012
The Fire Protection Research Foundation
One Batterymarch Park
Quincy, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 02169-7471
E-Mail: foundation@nfpa.org
Web: www.nfpa.org/foundation
Page 1 of 45
(This page left intentionally blank)
Page 2 of 45
Executive Summary
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® , contains information that is useful not only in fire related emergencies but also in non-fire emergencies and non-emergency situations. To better clarify the application of NFPA 101 to non-fire emergency and non-emergency situations, multiple applicable scenarios have been identified and summarized in this document. These incidents and documents were gathered to provide background information for the Technical Committees for
NFPA 101 (and other documents), for the evaluation of the potential for non-fire-emergencies and non-emergency scenarios which include some form of individual and crowd dynamics.
Acknowledgements
The Fire Protection Research Foundation expresses gratitude to those that assisted with the development and review of the information contained in this report. The Research Foundation appreciates the guidance provide by the Project Technical Panel: Rita Fahy, Harold Hansen,
Jason Averill, Amy Murdock, Robert Solomon, and Jeff Tubbs. Special thanks are expressed to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) for funding this project.
Note: This document was revised in October 2012. Specifically, the number of casualties that occurred at the Electric Daisy Carnival (incident number 25 on pages 12 and 28) was modified from 19 deaths to no death based on further clarifying information.
Page 3 of 45
.
(This page left intentionally blank)
Page 4 of 45
A Literature Review of Emergency and Non-Emergency Events
Minkyu Lee
Background
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code® , is well known for its