biology final review
Standard B-3: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the flow of energy within and between living systems.
B-3.1 Summarize the overall process by which photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and interpret the chemical equation for the process.
Taxonomy Level: 2.4-B and 2.1-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge
Key Concepts:
Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions, dark (light-independent) reactions
Previous knowledge: In 6th grade (6-2.7), students summarized the processes required for plant survival (including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration). In 7th grade, students explained how cellular processes (including respiration, photosynthesis in plants, mitosis, and waste elimination) are essential to the survival of the organism (7-2.4) and explained how a balanced chemical equation supports the law of conservation of matter (7-5.8).
It is essential for students to understand that all organisms need a constant source of energy to survive. The ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth is the Sun. Photosynthesis is the overall process by which sunlight (solar energy) chemically converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored in simple sugars (glucose). This process occurs in two stages.
The first stage is called the light-dependent reactions because they require solar energy. o During the light-dependent reactions, solar energy is absorbed by chloroplasts (see B-2.2) and two energy storing molecules (ATP and NADPH) are produced. o The solar energy is used to split water molecules which results in the release of oxygen as a waste product, an essential step in the process of photosynthesis.
The second stage is called the dark (light-independent) reactions because they do not require solar energy. o During the dark (light-independent) reactions, energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to produce simple sugars (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide. These simple sugars are used to store
B-3.1 Summarize the overall process by which photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy and interpret the chemical equation for the process.
Taxonomy Level: 2.4-B and 2.1-B Understand Conceptual Knowledge
Key Concepts:
Photosynthesis: light-dependent reactions, dark (light-independent) reactions
Previous knowledge: In 6th grade (6-2.7), students summarized the processes required for plant survival (including photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration). In 7th grade, students explained how cellular processes (including respiration, photosynthesis in plants, mitosis, and waste elimination) are essential to the survival of the organism (7-2.4) and explained how a balanced chemical equation supports the law of conservation of matter (7-5.8).
It is essential for students to understand that all organisms need a constant source of energy to survive. The ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth is the Sun. Photosynthesis is the overall process by which sunlight (solar energy) chemically converts water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy stored in simple sugars (glucose). This process occurs in two stages.
The first stage is called the light-dependent reactions because they require solar energy. o During the light-dependent reactions, solar energy is absorbed by chloroplasts (see B-2.2) and two energy storing molecules (ATP and NADPH) are produced. o The solar energy is used to split water molecules which results in the release of oxygen as a waste product, an essential step in the process of photosynthesis.
The second stage is called the dark (light-independent) reactions because they do not require solar energy. o During the dark (light-independent) reactions, energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to produce simple sugars (such as glucose) from carbon dioxide. These simple sugars are used to store