Biology Study Guide
Biology Review and Study Guide
Cell Division and Cancer
Cells divide for two main reasons: first, the larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell has on its DNA. Second, a large cell has more trouble moving enough food in and enough waste out. Before it becomes too large, a growing cell divides. The two new cells are referred to as daughter cells. The process by which a cell divides into two cells is called cell division.
Mitosis is part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus divides.
Cytokinesis is part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides. A genome is an entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.
Chromatin: one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome.
Chromosome: a threadlike structure that contains genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Somatic cells: any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells
Sister chromatids: two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere
Centromere: an area where two sister chromatids are attached
Centrosome: an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division
Cleavage furrow: is an actin rich "purse sting" that draws tight to separate daughter cells to complete cytokinesis in cell division
The cell cycle is a series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides. During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division by making a copy of its DNA, and then divides to form two daughter cells. Each daughter cell then begins the cycle again.
a) Prokaryotic cell cycle: includes cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division. The process of cell division in prokaryotes is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission.
b) Eukaryotic cell cycle: includes four phases (interphase) G1, S, G2, and M.
G1: Cell growth-cell increases
Cell Division and Cancer
Cells divide for two main reasons: first, the larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell has on its DNA. Second, a large cell has more trouble moving enough food in and enough waste out. Before it becomes too large, a growing cell divides. The two new cells are referred to as daughter cells. The process by which a cell divides into two cells is called cell division.
Mitosis is part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the nucleus divides.
Cytokinesis is part of the eukaryotic cell cycle during which the cytoplasm divides. A genome is an entire set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.
Chromatin: one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome.
Chromosome: a threadlike structure that contains genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
Somatic cells: any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells
Sister chromatids: two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere
Centromere: an area where two sister chromatids are attached
Centrosome: an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division
Cleavage furrow: is an actin rich "purse sting" that draws tight to separate daughter cells to complete cytokinesis in cell division
The cell cycle is a series of events a cell goes through as it grows and divides. During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division by making a copy of its DNA, and then divides to form two daughter cells. Each daughter cell then begins the cycle again.
a) Prokaryotic cell cycle: includes cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division. The process of cell division in prokaryotes is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission.
b) Eukaryotic cell cycle: includes four phases (interphase) G1, S, G2, and M.
G1: Cell growth-cell increases