Child Development

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STUDENT NUMBER:
55-11-86-82
PSY 4805
ASSIGNMENT 01

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QUESTION 1

CONTINUOUS/DISCONTINUOUS

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ONE COURSE / MANY

Continuous
Gradually develops by adding new skills & knowledge onto old ones

Discontinuous
Child goes through distinct stages (each unique until reaching highest level of functioning) Each child goes through discontinuous processes, but within some stages, there is continuous development. Stage Theorists: Assume people follow same development sequences
EG: Childhood - common influences that lead people to represent world through language & make believe play
Middle childhood - reason more logically
Adolescence - reason more systematically
Distinct Contexts: Unique combinations of personal & environmental circumstance  in different paths of change
EG: shy child would develop in different contexts than a socialite
...Different circumstances increase different cognitive capacities, social skills, feelings of self & others Today - aware of cultural diversity & both provide insight into child development.

3 basic ideas on which child development theories stand

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QUESTION 2:

RETRIEVING INFO

MEMORY
STRATEGIES
1. Rehearsal:
Repeating
information to yourself (in working memory) 2. Organisation:
Grouping related items 3. Elaboration:
Creating
relationships between two pieces of information

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1. Recognition
Noticing stimulus is identical/similar to one previously experienced (simplest)
2. Recall
Generating mental representation of an absent stimulus
3. Reconstruction
Select & interpret info we encounter in everyday life in terms of existing knowledge

Memory Development: Attributing factors

ATTENTION
DEVELOPMENT
1) Sustained Attention
2) Selective Attention
3) AdaptiveAttention
1. INHIBITON

2. ATTETNTIONAL
STRATEGIES:

 Production deficiency  Control deficiency
 Utilization deficiency  Effective strategy use METACOGNITIVE MEMORY
KNOWLEDGE BASE
1. Semantic Memory
2. Episodic Memory
3. Eyewitness memory
METACOGNITIVE MEMORY
1. Knowledge of cognitive capacities 2. Knowledge of strategies

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With age  increasingly conscious of cognitive capacities (continuously monitoring towards a goal)
STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE COGNITIVE SELFREGULATION
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Stress importance of planful learning
Suggest effective learning strategies
Emphasize monitoring of progress
Provide for evaluation of strategy effectiveness