A. What Leaders Pay Attention To
Organizational members can get information about the priorities, values, and beliefs of leaders by observing the things on which leaders spend their time, as long as leaders are consistent in what they pay attention to.
B. How Leaders React to Crises
Many believe that organizations show their real culture during times of crisis, and consequently pay close attention to the leaders during a crisis situation.
C. How Leaders Behave
Employees emulate the leader's behavior and look to leaders for cues to appropriate behavior. Leaders demonstrate the organization’s values and culture through their behavior.
D. How Leaders Allocate Rewards
Rewarding behavior that is consistent with the organization’s values increases acceptance of those values and the organization’s culture. If leaders do not allocate rewards in a way that reinforces espoused values, employees may become confused and frustrated.
E. How Leaders Hire and Fire Individuals
Leaders often reinforce a desired organizational culture through the selection of new employees whose value systems are similar to the organization’s value system. Promoting from within the organization also serves to reinforce the culture. Also, both the rationale behind firing an employee and the manner in which the termination is carried out convey a great deal about the organization’s culture.
Employees emulate leaders’ behavior. They look for consistency between espoused values and enacted behavior. Leaders can shape organizational culture by what they pay attention to, by how they react to crisis situations, and by the way they reward, hire and fire organizational