Fascism in Europe
Fascism
Geographic distribution of Fascism
Italy
Benito Mussolini began as a socialist. He started moving to a more nationalist ideology and in 1922 formed the first fascist regime.
1939, teamed up with Hitler. He was killed in 1945. This marked the end of fascism in Italy.
Germany
The local variety of fascism in Germany is known as National Socialism (nazi).
Adolf Hitler won the largest share of the voted in election in 1932 (33% of the vote), so the president of Germany asked him to form a government.
Gradually silenced all other parties, becoming a dictator.
Committed suicide in 1945 at the end of WWII.
Elsewhere
Belgium, France, even Britain had small fascist parties. Fascist parties only took power in Germany and Italy.
Japanese military rulers of the 1930s and 1940s are sometimes considered fascist, but were much more militarian.
Fascist Ideology
Nationalism
Very exaggerated form. An intense form of patriotism.
The term used for this extreme nationalism is chauvinism (jingoism). It is generally considered that this chauvinism (in Germany and Italy) came to be as a result of the end of WWI.
Chauvinism degenerated into racism. It was more prominent in Germany than in Italy; the Holocaust was a result of this.
Hitler built upon ideas of Artur de Gobineau (considered Jews and Muslims to be inferior to others) and Houston Chamberlain.
Denial of Class Struggle
This belief clashes with Marxist ideology.
Corporatism
Society must be organised along branches of activity.
Totalitarian Control
The Germans admired the Russian on-party model. This is a goal Communists and Fascists have in common.
Cult of the Leader
Hitler called himself Fuhrer. Mussolini called himself El Duce.
‘Style’
Who were the Fascists?
The social class most associated with Fascism is the lower middle class. The working class generally stayed loyal to the Communists and Socialists.
Germany suffered from heavy unemployment as a result of the Great
Geographic distribution of Fascism
Italy
Benito Mussolini began as a socialist. He started moving to a more nationalist ideology and in 1922 formed the first fascist regime.
1939, teamed up with Hitler. He was killed in 1945. This marked the end of fascism in Italy.
Germany
The local variety of fascism in Germany is known as National Socialism (nazi).
Adolf Hitler won the largest share of the voted in election in 1932 (33% of the vote), so the president of Germany asked him to form a government.
Gradually silenced all other parties, becoming a dictator.
Committed suicide in 1945 at the end of WWII.
Elsewhere
Belgium, France, even Britain had small fascist parties. Fascist parties only took power in Germany and Italy.
Japanese military rulers of the 1930s and 1940s are sometimes considered fascist, but were much more militarian.
Fascist Ideology
Nationalism
Very exaggerated form. An intense form of patriotism.
The term used for this extreme nationalism is chauvinism (jingoism). It is generally considered that this chauvinism (in Germany and Italy) came to be as a result of the end of WWI.
Chauvinism degenerated into racism. It was more prominent in Germany than in Italy; the Holocaust was a result of this.
Hitler built upon ideas of Artur de Gobineau (considered Jews and Muslims to be inferior to others) and Houston Chamberlain.
Denial of Class Struggle
This belief clashes with Marxist ideology.
Corporatism
Society must be organised along branches of activity.
Totalitarian Control
The Germans admired the Russian on-party model. This is a goal Communists and Fascists have in common.
Cult of the Leader
Hitler called himself Fuhrer. Mussolini called himself El Duce.
‘Style’
Who were the Fascists?
The social class most associated with Fascism is the lower middle class. The working class generally stayed loyal to the Communists and Socialists.
Germany suffered from heavy unemployment as a result of the Great