Hemispheres United Notes
Chapter 11Hemispheres United
ZHENG HE’S VOYAGES
Social: Emperor Yongle commands Zheng He to perform voyages to reassert China’s power
Gave expensive gifts to people along the way
Political: The Ming discouraged extensive contact with foreigners and stopped voyages
Interaction Between Humans and the Environment: During expeditions, exotic animals were brought to China
Cultural: Changing attitudes toward the Middle Kingdom’s relationship with the world Voyages vs. isolationism
Economic: Trade is vital to China, but could bring harm
Money needed to contain nomadic attacks
PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH VOYAGES AND COLONIES
Social: Portugal and Spain had a hard time trading due to the trade alliance between Venice, Genoa, and Muslim states
Political: Catholic leader of Spain expelled all Jews
Led to new centralized political power
Provided incentive to spread Christianity
Interaction Between Human and the Environment: Caravel allowed exploration of shallow coastal areas and rivers
Cultural: Henry the Navigator created the navigation school
Economic: Spanish government invested in exploration of new world (Christopher Columbus)
The Treaty of Tordesillas
Social: Spain and Portugal had opposing views of who should control new lands
Political: Treaty of Tordesillas created to split new land between Spain and Portugal
Interaction Between Human and the Environment: Spain commissioned Ferdinand Magellan
First to circumnavigate the globe
Cultural: Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus had little interest in converting to Christianity
Economic: Portuguese had to be content with quick trade profits
Seldom settled in ports they controlled
The Spanish Empire in the Americas
Social: Conquistadors converted many to Christianity while taking over the empires of the Americas
Political: Spanish conquistadors took over Aztec capital (Hernán Cortés) and later on defeated Incas (Francisco Pizarro)
Aztec rivals helped in defeat of Aztecs
Guns, germs, and steel
ZHENG HE’S VOYAGES
Social: Emperor Yongle commands Zheng He to perform voyages to reassert China’s power
Gave expensive gifts to people along the way
Political: The Ming discouraged extensive contact with foreigners and stopped voyages
Interaction Between Humans and the Environment: During expeditions, exotic animals were brought to China
Cultural: Changing attitudes toward the Middle Kingdom’s relationship with the world Voyages vs. isolationism
Economic: Trade is vital to China, but could bring harm
Money needed to contain nomadic attacks
PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH VOYAGES AND COLONIES
Social: Portugal and Spain had a hard time trading due to the trade alliance between Venice, Genoa, and Muslim states
Political: Catholic leader of Spain expelled all Jews
Led to new centralized political power
Provided incentive to spread Christianity
Interaction Between Human and the Environment: Caravel allowed exploration of shallow coastal areas and rivers
Cultural: Henry the Navigator created the navigation school
Economic: Spanish government invested in exploration of new world (Christopher Columbus)
The Treaty of Tordesillas
Social: Spain and Portugal had opposing views of who should control new lands
Political: Treaty of Tordesillas created to split new land between Spain and Portugal
Interaction Between Human and the Environment: Spain commissioned Ferdinand Magellan
First to circumnavigate the globe
Cultural: Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus had little interest in converting to Christianity
Economic: Portuguese had to be content with quick trade profits
Seldom settled in ports they controlled
The Spanish Empire in the Americas
Social: Conquistadors converted many to Christianity while taking over the empires of the Americas
Political: Spanish conquistadors took over Aztec capital (Hernán Cortés) and later on defeated Incas (Francisco Pizarro)
Aztec rivals helped in defeat of Aztecs
Guns, germs, and steel