Notes and Charts - Organizational Behavior

Chapter 2

MARS Model of Individual Behavior

Motivation, Ability, Role perceptions

Situational Factors - work environment, leaving work early due to kids, printer breaks, etc

Motivation - Internal forces that affect a person's voluntary choice of behavior - direction, intensity, persistence.

Ability - Natural aptitudes and learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task - Competencies - personal characteristics that lead to superior performance - Person - job matching ( selecting, developing, redesigning)

Role Perceptions - Beliefs about what behavior is required to achieve the desired results: Understanding what tasks to perform Understanding priority of task Understanding preferred behaviors to accomplish tasks

Situational Factors - Environmental conditions beyond the individual's short-term control that constrain or facilitate behavior - Constraints - time, budget, facilities, etc - Cues - e.g. signs of nearby hazards

Types of Individual Behavior

- Task Performance - Goal directed behaviors under the person's control

- Organizational Citizenship - Contextual performance - cooperation and helpfulness beyond required job duties.

- Counterproductive work behaviors - voluntary behavior that potentially harm the organization. - Joining/staying with the organization - agreeing to employment relationship; remaining in the relationship

- Maintaining Work Attendance - attending work at required times.

Personality - - Relatively enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize a person, along with the psychological processes behind those characteristics.

- External traits - observable behaviors

- internal states - thoughts, values, etc inferred from behaviors

- Some variability, adjust to suit the situation

Nature vs. Nurture of Personality

Influenced by Nature - Heredity explains about 50 percent of behavior tendencies and 30% of tempe