psychology 9698

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level

9698/11

PSYCHOLOGY
Paper 1 Core Studies 1

October/November 2012
1 hour 30 minutes

Additional Materials:

Answer Booklet/Paper

* 1 8 1 6 9 4 8 4 5 8 *

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
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Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 4 printed pages.
DC (NS) 49556/2
© UCLES 2012

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Section A (60 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1

From the study by Mann et al (lying), suggest two reasons why Mann et al thought that liars would not display nervous behaviours.
[4]

2

From the study by Loftus and Pickrell (false memories):
(a) Identify two elements always included in the false events story.

[2]

(b) State two pieces of information that Loftus and Pickrell obtained from the participants’ relatives to write the false event.
[2]

3

From the study by Baron-Cohen et al (eyes test):
(a) Describe one problem they identified with the original eyes test.

[2]

(b) Explain how the revised eyes test solves this problem.

[2]

4

Held and Hein (kitten carousel) designed their study to solve some problems in earlier research.
Describe two ways in which the visual-spatial experience of animals in this earlier research was restricted. [4]

5

From the study by Milgram (obedience):
(a) Outline one ethical guideline that was broken.
(b) Outline one ethical guideline that was not broken.

6

[2]
[2]

From the prison study by Haney, Banks and Zimbardo:
(a) What was the dispositional hypothesis being tested?
(b) To what extent did the results support the dispositional hypothesis?

7

[2]
[2]

There were several conclusions from the study by Piliavin et al (subway Samaritans).
(a) Describe one of the conclusions from this study.
(b) Describe the evidence for this conclusion.

8

[2]
[2]

Describe two findings from the study by Bandura et al on the imitation of aggression.

[4]

© UCLES 2012

9698/11/O/N/12

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9

Freud is often criticised for the methods he used to collect evidence for his theories.
(a) Give one weakness of Freud’s methods from his study of little Hans.

[2]

(b) Give one strength of Freud’s methods from his study of little Hans.

[2]

10 From the study by Langlois et al (infant facial preference):
(a) Outline two features of the slides used in study 1 to test preferences for adult faces.

[2]

(b) Suggest why they used slides rather than real people.

[2]

11 From the study by Nelson on morals, describe two ways in which the responses of the 3-year-old and the 7-year-old children differed.
[4]

12 From the study by Maguire et al (taxi drivers):
(a) Outline the technique used to measure brain activation.

[2]

(b) Identify two brain areas activated in the topographical tasks.

[2]

13 The study by Demattè et al (smells and facial attractiveness) used a repeated measures design.
As a consequence of this design they had to use counterbalancing.
(a) What is meant by the term ‘counterbalancing’?

[2]

(b) How were the conditions counterbalanced in this study?

[2]

14 From the study by Rosenhan (sane in insane places):
(a) How often did physicians appear on the wards?

[2]

(b) How did the physicians typically respond to questions from the pseudopatients?

[2]

15 Thigpen and Cleckley studied the case of Eve, who they concluded was suffering from multiple personality disorder. Describe two pieces of evidence that led them to this conclusion.
[4]

© UCLES 2012

9698/11/O/N/12

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Section B (20 marks)
Answer both questions in this section.

16 Evaluate one of the studies listed below in terms of two strengths.
Tajfel (intergroup categorisation)
Billington et al (empathising and systemising)
Veale and Riley (mirror gazing)

[10]

17 Use one of the studies listed below to discuss the physiological approach.
Schachter and Singer (emotion)
Dement and Kleitman (sleep and dreaming)
Maguire et al (taxi drivers)

[10]

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© UCLES 2012

9698/11/O/N/12