What is PtsdExposure to a traumatic event in which the person
Experienced, witnessed, or was confronted by death or serious injury to self or others and Responded with intense fear, helplessness, or horror
Features Appear in 3 clusters: re-experiencing, avoidance/numbing, hyperarousalLast for 1 month Cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning
Re-experiencing
Recurrent distressing reollections of event
Recurrent distressing dreams of event
Acting or feeling event was recurring
Psychological distress at cues resembling event
Physiological reactivity to cues resembling event
Avoidance/numbing
Avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations
Avoid activities, places, or people
Inability to recall part of trauma
Restricted range of affect
Hyper arousal
Difficulty sleeping
Irritability or outburst of anger
Difficulty concentrating
Exaggerated startle responseTraumatic Events
Multi-casualty incidents ( ambushes)
Friendly fire
Death or maiming of children and women
Seeing gruesome scenes of carnage
Handling dead bodies and body parts
“Avoidable” casualties and losses
Witnessed or committed atrocities
Witnessed death/injury of a close friend or leader
Killing unarmed or defenseless enemy
Being helpless to defend or counterattack
Injuries or near misses
Killing someone up close
Beliefs That Can Be Damaged By Traumatic Stress
Belief in one’s basic safety
Belief in being the master of oneself and one’s environment
Belief in “what’s right” — moral order
Belief that our cause is honourable
Belief that every troop is valued
Belief in the basic goodness of people (especially oneself)
Control
Many soldiers have used various methods to control and hide the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Some sufferers have used exercise, adrenalin rushes, and work to control it. Others have used alcohol and drugs and still some