Adolf Hitler wanted to create a ‘Thousand-year Reich’, in which the Nazis would rule forever. Hitler believed that to achieve this, he would have to gain the support of the young. Hitler therefore began a nationwide programme of indoctrinating young people to believe in Nazi ideals in which boys were being taught to become soldiers and girls were being taught to become ready for child birth and caring for children. Hitler said that: “A young German man must be as swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather and as hard as steel.”
The entire education system would be controlled by the Nazis. The teaching of school subjects was controlled so that Nazi ideas were taught. Rust, the Nazi Minister of Education once said that: “The whole purpose of education is to create Nazis.” This was the whole point of education in Nazi Germany and on the whole I believe that Nazi attempts to control Germany’s youth were successful for a number of reasons. Firstly, all the subjects taught in schools were modelled to indoctrinate young people with Nazi ideals. History was rewritten and taught to glorify Germany’s past and the rise of the Nazi Party. In Geography, pupils were taught about lands that were once part of Germany and the need for more ‘Lebensraum’ (land to inhabit) for Germany. Race studies was another subject in which pupils learned about the superiority of the Aryan race and the inferiority of the ‘sub-humans’, the Jews. Eugenics was also taught, this subject taught pupils about selective breeding and the creation of the master race. The final and most important subject taught to young Germans was physical education. Physical education occupied 15% of school time and it ensured girls were fit for child birth and boys were prepared for military service. This supports my idea that the Nazis were successful in controlling Germany’s youth because all subjects were cleverly designed to indoctrinate Germany’s youth from such a young age. Adding to this, by 1938, 97% of teachers were Nazis and a part of a Nazi organisation called the German Teachers League. In addition to education, typical mathematical problems and extracts from textbooks were full of indoctrination.
Not only was education used to control Germany’s youth, Hitler created the Hitler Youth in the 1920s and it was a youth organisation for 10 to 18 year olds to teach them Nazi ideals, taught boys to become soldiers and girls to become mothers just like school. The Hitler Youth had separate organisations for boys and girls. The task of the boys section was to train boys into hardened soldiers. Activities included marching, bayonet drills, grenade throwing, trench digging, map reading, gas defence, use of dugouts, how to get under barbed wire and pistol shooting. This was effective in controlling Germany’s youth because it was attractive to boys because it was adventurous but it still meant that boys were getting basic army training for being sent off to fight when they were 18. The task of the girls section was to train girls to be ready for motherhood. Activities including physical activity helped girls to build their understanding and place in the Nazi Germany society. Girls were taught how to cook, clean and raise children.
Overall, the Nazis were very effective in controlling Germany’s youth. This is because, the Nazis were tried to always be a part of a young person’s life. Nazism in schools was around them every day and Nazi ideals were spoon fed to them from a very young age.
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