Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40 marks)…
The aim of this report is to describe the Newcastle earthquake and identify its social, physical and economic effects on the community. The event in detail, major effects, how the event was caused, the effects on the communities property, people, infrastructure and economy, will all be addressed in this report. Also the long term planning implications, preventative measures, preparedness, response implications, and well as recovery implications will covered and described.…
Discuss the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors (40)…
There are a variety of reasons why the strongest earthquakes are not always the most costly. One of these reasons may be that the country is well prepared when it comes to natural disasters. An example of this was the earthquake that happened in Chile in 2010. This earthquake had a magnitude of 8.8 which is the 8th largest earthquake recorded since 1900. Because Chile is on a fault line it has always been prone to earthquakes and therefore has learnt to adapt and cope with them. For example, the run drills in their schools so children will know what to do in case there is an earthquake. There are also a lot stricter rules on building regulations, so they are more likely to survive an earthquake than collapse. Because of this only 525 were killed and the total costs were $15-30 billion which is relatively small compared to other earthquakes of similar size.…
It is impossible for anybody to argue that human factors do not have an effect on the impact caused by earthquake hazards; however the extent of the effect is debatable depending on the situation. This can depend on many different aspects, for instance the level of development in the relevant country, the standard of infrastructure, the magnitude and location of the quake and lastly what time the quake occurs. In order to properly assess whether the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors, it is necessary to look at a range of case studies which will provide a balanced overview. For instance – looking at the LEDW – examples such as the Haiti earthquake in January 2010 as well as the earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December 2004 could suggest that the impact depends primarily on human factors as these countries are not fully developed and thus might have underdeveloped infrastructure and building regulations. Contrary to this, the MEDW with examples such as the Northridge earthquake in 1994 could provide a contrasting argument in terms of how human factors affect the impact. However, there are always multiple factors which the impact depends on, regardless of the development of the relevant country.…
There are many horrible things that come with have to take care of the after math of earthquakes. Even through earthquakes usually are not the direct causes of death and injure people they do cause buildings to fall and falling building and pieces of buildings hurt and kill people. Many people have been killed and injured by buildings due earthquakes and the amount of money it costs to repair the damage is very pricey as…
How can my family be prepared for an earthquake? This question haunts countless residents in the Los Angeles area every day. Hopefully we here at the Earthquake Preparedness Center can shed some light on how you can protect your family. My name is Darin Fort and I am the Director of Earthquake Preparedness for Los Angeles. As with any danger, knowledge of the event is of upmost importance. Some questions that should be asked by anyone who wants to defend their home against earthquakes are: What are the origins and causes of earthquakes and what is the relation of earthquakes to plate tectonics and faults in Los Angeles? What are some historical disasters associated with earthquakes? What are the hazards associated with earthquakes? What is the potential for future earthquakes in the Los Angeles area?…
In his essay “Planning to Prevent Natural Hazards from Becoming Natural Disaster,” author Geoff N Boughton explains any disaster that has occurred in an area can happen again, and other disasters are always a possibility. The use of appropriate building design, construction and planning methods can minimize the effects of significant natural event. Because of the varying of an event that its sufficient intense occurs in populated area therefore if the planning, design and construction of assets is not adequate to resist loads place on them, then there is a high probability that damage will result. Boughton defines a risk measure of potential to cause damage, he establishes the circumstances required to turn natural hazard into a disaster. In many instance countries like Australia is a large nation that has wide variety of unfortunate geographical conditions they have experience many natural hazards on a regular basis such as tropical cyclones, strong wind events, flooding, earthquakes, bushfires, soil erosion, and loss of arable land, hail, blizzards, and severe frosts. For instance Boughton describes his three basic elements to risk in the context of natural hazards. Each of these basic elements has to be presented in order to say there is potential damage.…
Let’s play a game. Close your eyes and imagine that it’s the middle of the night and you are awaken by a loud roar coming beneath your feet. As you stumble downstairs you cover your head from objects falling from bedroom walls, kitchen cabinets, and bookshelves as you shout to your love ones to go outside. You head to the closet to get your emergency bag filled with two flashlights, three water bottles and six protein bars. As your about to exit the building it all stops just to be repeated a few nights later. Now open your eyes imagine this. Imagine that this is not make believe but the reality residents of Oklahoma face constantly due to the sudden increase in earthquake activity. Oklahoma has recently had an increase in the number of earthquakes they have each year from magnitudes ranging from .05 to 3.4 and above. There were three earthquakes on February seven 2016, thirty-two in the past seven days, one hundred and seventy in the past month and three thousand three hundred and ninety six in the past month according to the Earthquake tracker. The state urges residence to have an earthquake preparedness plan due to the constant increase and magnitude of the earthquakes.…
This passage reminds me of the unavoidable earthquake that Vancouver is going to get. Just like the people in the passage who are refusing to believe that their town could be a target, many of my friends are also refusing to believe that Vancouver is a target when the giant earthquake hits. At the same time, I can understand why some of the people in the text who doesn't believe it, because I didn't believe that an earthquake would actually hit Vancouver until last Tuesday's night earthquake. Therefore, now I feel anxious as I have no idea when the next one will come. Similarly, I have a sense that the people in the text are also feeling anxious since they don't know when Molching would be attacked.…
Technology is the best way to reduce the impact of an earthquake. To what extent do you agree with this view?…
Economic cost was high with losses estimated at $40 billion. The earthquake severely tested building codes, earthquake-resistant construction and emergency preparation and response procedures. The experience confirmed many of the lessons learned from past earthquakes, exposed weaknesses in the society’s generally resilient fabric, and produced many surprises about the levels and consequences of strong ground shaking. Near the epicenter in the San Fernando Valley, well-engineered buildings withstood violent shaking without structural damage. However, numerous structural failures throughout the region were evidence of significant…
Seismic hazards have many different impacts around the world. An earthquake took place in Haiti 2010 and it was measured 7 on the Richter scale. The main hazard was the seismic waves caused by shifting rocks in an earthquake. There are two main types of waves, P waves and S waves. P waves travel through solids and liquids around 6-7 km/h and parallel through the rocks. S ways travel side ways at 2.5-4km/h and can only get through solids. Both waves can have a big impact on the community, a lot of buildings will collapse and as a result people will be injured and infrastructures will be damaged. Over 3.5 million people were affected by the earthquake, with 220000 fatalities and over 300000 people injured as a result of poorly constructed houses…
Lijiang is a prefecture-level city located northwest in the province of Yunnan, People’s Republic of China. It has a population of about 1.2M as of the 2010 census. The Old City of Lijiang is not so famous unlike the other well-known cities in China like Beijing, Shanghai, or Macau, but this city is known for having earthquakes throughout years. There have been around three to four recorded earthquakes in Lijiang and the one that I am going to talk about is the 1996 Lijiang Earthquake, which has the highest intensity on the record. It happened on the day that I was born……
In 2010, a huge earthquake hit Haiti and almost flattened the tiny country. A year later, in 2011, an equally huge if not bigger earthquake hit Japan. Many people were affected in Japan but now the country is running smoothly again while Haiti’s poverty rates are still as a high as 80%. Why did these earthquakes have such different effects on these countries? The most significant reason these earthquakes had such different effects is the simple matter that Japan is just much more prepared than Haiti due to more economic, political, and educational development.…