Protein synthesis is the process whereby proteins are produced‚ or synthesized‚ in living things according to "directions" given by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and carried out by RNA (ribonucleic acid) and other proteins. As suggested earlier‚ this is an extraordinarily complex process that we do not attempt to discuss here. Following synthesis‚ proteins fold up into an essentially compact three-dimensional shape‚ which is their tertiary structure. DNA contains the instructions for a cell’s structure
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YOUR NOTES UNIT 2 NOTES DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA Functions • Stores genetic information and copies itself (replication) to pass on the information • Contains genes (instructions to make proteins) • Instructs cell’s activities DNA Structure • DNA is a polymer of nucleotides • Chromosomes (DNA strand + associated proteins ie. Histones wrap DNA around like a spool = condensed chromatin) ↓ genes (sections of a chromosome that codes for a protein) ↓ nucleotides (3 parts:
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Indicate whether each of the following statements about triglycerides is true or false. Indicate whether each of the following statements about triglycerides is true or false. 1. A triacylglycerol is composed of 3 glycerol molecules joined to a fatty acid. 2. The hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids vary in length as well as in the number and location of double bonds between the carbon atoms. 3. Fatty acids with one double bond in their hydrocarbon chain are called monounsaturated‚ while those with
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Transcription is the first step of protein synthesis it uses a sequence of DNA nucleotides to produce a sequence of RNA nucleotide. b. RNA polymerase bonds to RNA nucleotides together‚ attaches to the promoter site at the start of the gene. 4. 5. a. -Messenger RNA contains information to synthesize proteins. -Transfer RNA is used to transfer amino acids during the next step. -Ribosomal RNA makes up part of a ribosome. b. Transcription takes place in the nuclease 6. Translation takes place in the
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sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base If the sugar is deoxyribose‚ the polymer is DNA. If the sugar is ribose‚ the polymer is RNA. Together with proteins‚ nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules The two nucleic acids used in repair‚ reproduction and protein synthesis are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA maybe found throughout the cell II.CLASSES DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the
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the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm. A) Transfer RNA Answer: B B) Ribosomal RNA Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 C) Synthetase enzymes 16) Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences. D) ATP Answer: A E) Messenger RNA Diff: 1 Page Ref: 105 17) Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page
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membrane 3’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Primary RNA transcript 5’ Cap mRNA Poly-A tail mRNA 3’ 2. Introns are excised from the RNA transcript‚ and the remaining exons are spliced together‚ producing mRNA Small ribosomal subunit Nuclear pore 4. tRNA molecules become attached to specific amino acids with the help of activating enzymes. Amino acids are brought to the ribosome in the order dictated by the mRNA. 3’ RNA polymerase 1. In the cell nucleus‚ RNA polymerase transcribes RNA from DNA Cap 3’ Poly-A tail
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acid. Some other types are RNA‚ mRNA‚ and tRNA. All of these "NAs" work together to help cells replicate and build proteins. NA? Hold on. Might that stand for nucleic acid? It might While you probably don’t have to remember the full words right now‚ we should tell you that DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. The mRNA and tRNA are messenger RNA and transfer RNA‚ respectively. You may even hear about rRNA which stands for ribosomal RNA. They are called nucleic acids
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What is Food Microbiology Food microbiology is the study of food micro-organisms; how we can identify and culture them‚ how they live‚ how some infect and cause disease and how we can make use of their activities. Microbes are single-cell organisms so tiny that millions can fit into the eye of a needle. They are the oldest form of life on earth. Microbe fossils date back more than 3.5 billion years to a time when the Earth was covered with oceans that regularly reached the boiling point‚ hundreds
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acids can be assembled to make proteins. This is the start of protein synthesis. There are 3 different types of RNA: * mRNA (messenger RNA) (Applin‚ D (1997)) states‚ “DNA employs a message to take instructions to where they are needed. This messenger is a substance called messenger RNA (mRNA) * rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) along with protein makes up the ribosome * tRNA (Transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome’s where proteins are synthesised Since DNA is part of a larger molecule
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