Starch can be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates by acids‚ various enzymes‚ or a combination of the two. The resulting fragments are known as dextrins. The extent of conversion is typically quantified by dextrose equivalent (DE)‚ which is roughly the fraction of the glycosidic bonds in starch that have been broken. These starch sugars are by far the most common starch based food ingredient and are used as sweetener in many drinks and foods. They include: Maltodextrin‚ a lightly hydrolyzed (DE
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J Appl Physiol 91: 225–230‚ 2001. Gender differences in carbohydrate loading are related to energy intake MARK A. TARNOPOLSKY‚1‚2 CAROL ZAWADA‚2 LINDSAY B. RICHMOND‚2 SHERRY CARTER‚1 JANE SHEARER‚3 TERRY GRAHAM‚3 AND STUART M. PHILLIPS2 1 Departments of Medicine (Neurology and Rehabilitation) and 2Kinesiology‚ McMaster University‚ Hamilton‚ Ontario L8N 3Z5; and 3Human Biology and Nutrition‚ University of Guelph‚ Guelph‚ Ontario‚ Canada N1G ZW1 Received 5 July 2000; accepted in final form 6 April
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Tablets I. Introduction An acid-base titration is a method of neutralizing strong acids. Unbeknownst to many‚ acid-base titrations occur on a daily basis. Our stomachs use acid to help us digest our food – approximately .155 hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a pH of 2-3. When too much of this acid is formed in the stomach‚ heartburn and other discomfort occurs. This is when people grab for their antacids; these are bases that neutralize the excess acid in the stomach. Calcium carbonate
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Advantages: Sulfamic acid is the fastest de-scaler - It dissociates into hydroxonium ions more readily in aqueous solution than the others‚ therefore giving a greater concentration of atoms that are able to react with the calcium in lime scale. It is safe to use because it does not produce chlorine gas [5]‚ which can be toxic. Sulfamic acid also has a low volatility. Disadvantages: Sulfamic Acid can be an irritant to eyes or skin and is the most expensive of the de-scalers. Q2) How these de-scalers
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Identification of Unknown Carbohydrates using various biochemical tests Date of experiment: 11/10/2012 Name of Student: Vicki Marshall Introduction A series of biochemical tests was carried out to identify unknown carbohydrates. There were six carbohydrates that needed to be identified; they have been randomly labelled A-F. The carbohydrates are glucose‚ fructose‚ maltose‚ lactose‚ sucrose and starch. There was six tests that were carried out to help identify them‚ these were: Iodine Test
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Title:Extraction:Extraction with acid and alkaline Objective: 1. To recover benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture using acid-alkaline extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of benzoic acid and p-diclorobenzene. Apparatus:Separatory funnel(250mL)‚Buchner funnel‚beaker. Materials:Benzoic acid‚p-dichlorobenzene‚ether‚10% NaOH‚conc.HCl‚distilled water‚ anhydrous CaCl2. Introduction: Organic compounds in an aqueous mixture can be separated
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Vol. 1 ACETIC ACID 115 ACETIC ACID 1. Introduction Acetic acid [64-19-7]‚ CH3COOH‚ is a corrosive organic acid having a sharp odor‚ burning taste‚ and pernicious blistering properties. It is found in ocean water‚ oilfield brines‚ rain‚ and at trace concentrations in many plant and animal liquids. It is central to all biological energy pathways. Fermentation of fruit and vegetable juices yields 2–12% acetic acid solutions‚ usually called vinegar (qv). Any sugar-containing sap or juice can
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Acid Property #1: The word acid comes from the Latin word acere‚ which means "sour." All acids taste sour. Well known from ancient times were vinegar‚ sour milk and lemon juice. Aspirin (scientific name: acetylsalicylic acid) tastes sour if you don’t swallow it fast enough. Other languages derive their word for acid from the meaning of sour. So‚ in France‚ we have acide. In Germany‚ we have säure from saure and in Russia‚ kislota from kisly. Base Property #1: The word "base" has a more complex
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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Is there really such a thing as rain with acid in it? Yes‚ acid rain is a very real phenomenon worldwide‚ and it’s been documented since the 1800s‚ as the Industrial Revolution caused the burning of fossil fuels like coal‚ gas and oil. When these fuels or any other organic material like wood or paper are burned‚ they release compounds like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (NOx) into the air. Are SO2 and NOx the causes of acid rain? Indirectly‚ yes. When SO2 and NOx enter the atmosphere
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