Information Technology History of Computer The first computers were people! That is‚ electronic computers (and the earlier mechanical computers) were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. "Computer" was originally a job title: it was used to describe those human beings (predominantly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables‚ tide charts‚ and planetary positions for
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common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process. Such a system (sometimes called a dynamic system) has three basic interacting components or functions: • Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. For example‚ raw materials‚ energy‚ data‚ and human efforts must be secured and organized for processing. • Processing involves transformation process that convert input into output. Examples are a manufacturing
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History of Computers Table of Contents Table of Contents . .2 Abstract . 3 Body of Research .4 - 6 Conclusion . 7 Bibliography ..8 Abstract This project explains the history of computers‚ starting from Howard Aiken’s Harvard Mark I to present day time. Although I have not gone over all of the models in my report‚ I have chosen those which I feel have had the greatest effect on the computer world. I will show how in just forty years‚ computers
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Computing hardware is a platform for information processing. History of computing | Hardware | * Hardware before 1960 * Hardware 1960s to present * Hardware in Soviet Bloc countries | Computer science | * Artificial intelligence * Compiler construction * Computer science * Operating systems * Programming languages * Software engineering | Modern concepts | * Graphical user interface * Internet * Personal computers * Laptops * Video games * World
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of Operating Systems Table of contents Page 1 : Contents Page 2 : Introduction Page 2-3 : History of Operating Systems Page 3 : Timesharing and Multiprogramming 1960s Page 4 : The personal computer era Page 4-5 : The Significant types of Operating Systems Page 5-6 : The Functions of Operating Systems Page 7 : Why OS is so critical Page 7 : Conclusion Page 8 : Bibliography Introduction "Operating Systems have earned the reputation for being the most critical software in a computer system
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Answer: a. Stealing or copying one’s programs or data; using system resources (CPU‚ memory‚ disk space‚ peripherals) without proper accounting. b. Probably not‚ since any protection scheme devised by humans can inevitably be broken by a human‚ and the more complex the scheme‚ the more difficult it is to feel confident of its correct implementation. 1.2 The issue of resource utilization shows up in different forms in different types of operating systems. List what resources must be managed carefully
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shared across threads in a multithreaded process? a. Register value b. Heap memory c. Global variable d. Stack memory Answer: The threads of a multithreaded process share heap memory and global variables. Each thread has its separate set of register values and a separate stack. 4.4) Output at LINE C is 5. Output at LINE P is 0. 4.6) What are the two differences between user-level and kernel-level threads? Under what circumstances is one type is better than other? Answer: 1- User-level
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another child process */ fork(); /* and fork another */ fork(); pid = getpid(); printf("Process : pid = %d \n"‚pid); return 0; } Output : Number of process = 8. 3.8 Describe the differences among short-term‚ medium-term‚ and longterm scheduling. Sol: Scheduler : A process moves among different scheduling queues throughout its lifetime. Operating system takes care of selecting the processes from these queues in some fashion. Selecting process is done by the the appropriate scheduler
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TERM PAPER OF MICROPROCESSOR ON COMPUTER‚MICROCOMPUTER AND MICROPROCESSOR ABSTRACT Microprocessors have evolved dramatically in the twelve years of their development by the implementation of large numbers of devices on single chips. Word widths have increased along with microprogramming capabilities‚ addressing capabilities‚ and trends toward single-chip computers. Only a year after the introduction of 4-bit processors came the 8-bit processor. Three years later‚ in 1974‚ 16-bit processors
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INSTRUCTORS MANUAL OPERATING SYSTEMS: INTERNALS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOURTH EDITION WILLIAM STALLINGS Copyright 2000: William Stalling TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE: SOLUTIONS MANUAL ...............................................................................1 Chapter 1: Computer System Overview ......................................................................2 Chapter 2: Operating System Overview ......................................................................6 Chapter
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