Chlorophyll clip_image002Outline the role of photosynthesis in transforming light energy to chemical energy (including raw materials needed for this process) Photosynthesis occurs in all green plants and is the beginning of nearly all food chains therefore a source of life to all living organisms. It is the process where plants transform light energy from the sun into chemical energy. By using light energy trapped by chlorophyll (light absorbing pigment)‚ plants combine carbon dioxide and
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Melting point 1. What two effects do impurities have on the melting point of an organic compound? Soluble impurities affect the melting point of a solid in the following manner. a. The presence of an impurity in the molten compound reduces its vapor pressure thus lowering the melting point of the compound. b. Broaden the melting point range. 2. For what tow purpose are melting points routinely used a. To determine the identity of an organic solid. b. To determine the purity of an organic solid
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complexing agents such as crown ethers. Once pure salts have been prepared‚ it is a straightforward task to convert them to the free metal. This can be done by electrolysis of the fused cyanide or by reduction with calcium or sodium followed by fractional distillation. Properties Rubidium is an alkali metal in group IA of the periodic table with atomic number 37‚ an atomic weight of 85.47‚ and a density of 1.53 Mg/m3. Its melting point is 38.9 °C‚ and it boils at 688 °C. Its atomic radius is 0.248 nm
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give the sun and stars their energy. Oxygen under excited conditions is responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colors of the Aurora. A gaseous element‚ oxygen forms 21% of the atmosphere by volume and is obtained by liquefaction and fractional distillation. The atmosphere of Mars contains about 0.15% oxygen. The element and its compounds make up 49.2%‚ by weight‚ of the earth’s crust. About two thirds of the human body and nine tenths of water is oxygen. The physical state of oxygen is a gas
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Examiner’s Use 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB11 06_0620_31/4RP © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 1 The following techniques are used to separate mixtures. A simple distillation D chromatography B fractional distillation E filtration C evaporation F diffusion For Examiner’s Use From this list‚ choose the most suitable technique to separate the following. (a) methane from a mixture of the gases‚ methane and ethane .................. (b) water
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Aim : To prepare an ester using reflux Hypothesis : The equation was written out for the reaction and pentyl ethanoate was predicted as being the ester that would be formed. Equipment * 10 ml pentanol | * condenser | * 10 ml glacial acetic acid | * Heating Mantel | * 1 ml conc. Sulfuric acid | * Funnel | * 50 ml flask | * 15ml 1molL-1 Na2CO3 | * Boiling chips | * Seperating Funnel | * Retort Stand | * Safety Glasses | Method 1. 10 ml of Pentanol
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RECRYSTALLISATION PRESNTED BY Mariam SeiduPriscilla TweneboahEvans Appiah-Kubi 3796509 Yaw Adu PokuEric Adjei 3809009 INTRODUCTION Recrystallization is a method of purifying a solid. There are two types of impurities: those more soluble in a given solvent than the main component and those less soluble. (If there are any impurities that have the same solubility as the main component‚ then a different solvent needs to be chosen.) When organic
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| Separation of Nitrophenols | | | | Abstract: Using a micro scale steam distillation we separated ortho and para-nitrophenol from a mixture that was already made. After the para and ortho were separated we measured their melting points and compared it to the literature values for purity. For ortho-nitrophenol we had 60% recovery and for para 160% recovery. Our melting point ranges were ortho: 45-46°C and para 64-95°C. Introduction: Nitration: In phenols‚ -OH group strongly
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CE : Section 5 Fossil Fuels 1. 93 1(c) Alkenes can be obtained from petroleum fractions by a process called ’cracking’. Using a suitable petroleum fraction‚ a student carried out this process in the laboratory and collected the gaseous product over water. (i) What is ’cracking’ ? (ii) Draw a labelled diagram of a laboratory set-up that can be used for carrying out the process and collecting the gaseous product. (iii) An important safety precaution in the experiment is to prevent sucking
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hydrocarbons‚ which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are made up of carbon atoms linked together by only single covalent bonds and are known as saturated hydrocarbons. Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels. Apart from burning‚ however‚ they are remarkably unreactive. Alkane Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Alkene Ethene Propene Butene Pentene Alkane Methane Ethane
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