School of Chemistry University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Chemistry 220 Organic Chemistry 2012 LABORATORY MANUAL It is a legal requirement that are worn in this room at all times. Sunglasses (normal or prescription) are NOT to be worn as a substitute for safety glasses. Prescription glasses (except sunglasses) are acceptable PROVIDED THEY COVER THE EYES COMPLETELY. Some types of contact lens should not be worn in the laboratory. Check with your lens supplier. All shoes MUST be
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HEALTH HAZARDS OF THE DYE INDUSTRY . The first step in prevention of poisoning in the dye industry includes well-ventilated‚ properly equipped buildings. Selection of workmen is important and the use of the best methods in manufacturing. These investigations‚ which are based on 2‚500 employees‚ whose blood was tested periodically‚ yield some minor diagnostic material. The hazards of the dye industry are those connected with any industry plus the poisonous chemicals necessarily handled in the
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Background of the Study Tea is created by using the leaves of a plantknown as Camellis sinensis. This plant is native tomainland China‚ South and Southeast Asia‚ but it istoday cultivated across the world in tropical andsubtropical regions. It is an evergreen shrub orsmall tree that is usually trimmed to below 2 m(6.6 ft) when cultivated for its leaves. It has astrong taproot. The flowers are yellow-white‚ 2.5-4cm (0.98-1.6 in) in diameter‚ with 7 to 8 petals. 2. Tea-drinking can be traced back
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Undergraduate Questions (50 Pts) 1. (4 pts) A chemist working in a pharmaceutical lab synthesized a new drug as a racemic mixture. Why is it important that she separates the two enantiomers and test each for its biological activity? 2. (6 pts) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) has three dissociable protons‚ with the pKa’s shown below. Which form of phosphoric acid predominates in a solution at pH 4? Explain your answer. Acid pKa H3PO4 2.14
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By catalytic oxidation of Propene (Wacker-Hoechst). The process is analogous to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by theWacker process. The catalyst solution typically contains 0.045M Palladium (II) chloride‚ 1.8M Copper (II) Chloride‚ and acetic acid. The reaction usually is carried out in two alternating stages. In the first stage‚ air is used to oxidize the metal ions to the +2 oxidation state. In the second‚ air is removed and propene added. Palladium (II) oxidizes propene‚ and the resulting
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CORROSION PROBLEM DURING ACIDIZATION IN OIL WELLS AND THEIR REMEDIAL STEPS Submitted to Dr. S. Vishwanathan Sir Dept. of Applied Chemistry Submitted By- Jyotirmay Mohanta Admn. No. 9520 Semester Vth B. Tech. Petroleum Engineering Session 2009-10 CONTENTS Introduction Methods of acidization Corrosion during acidization job - Acid corrosion (causes and mechanism) Remedial steps to reduce corrosion - Use of Arcasolve™ in Acidizing
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are substances that lack any calories ‚ and they are neither vitamins nor mineral salts‚ so they cannot be qualified as nutrients. Organic acids (between 6 and 8%) among which citric acid is predominant‚ followed by lesser amounts of malic acid‚ acetic acid‚ and formic acid. These acids potentiate the action of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. And have a significant antiseptic effect. Flavoniods‚ among which hesperidin and diosmin predominate. These are found in the peel and pulp of the lemon. They
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Materials and methods Preparation of saponins from sea cucumber: Saponins were isolated from the sea cucumber‚ Holothuria thomasi (purchased from Hurghada‚ Red sea‚ Egypt and identified by Zoology department‚ Faculty of science‚ Tanta‚ Egypt)‚ according to the method described by Hu et al.‚ (2010) with some modification. Air-dried body walls (750 g) of sea cucumber were grinded into powder and extracted with eight liter with refluxing ethanol. The combined extracts were evaporated with rotary evaporator
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Experimental Part 1: Reaction First the glassware apparatus for the reaction was set up. 3.861-grams of isoborneol‚ 2.21-mL of glacial acetic acid‚ and 4.39-mL of 6% NaOCl solution were mixed in a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Another 35-mL of 6% NaOCl solution was added to a separatory funnel and supported over the flask. The NaOCl in the sep funnel was slowly added into the Erlenmeyer flask with vigorous swirling‚ approximately 2-mL every 30 seconds until all the NaOCl from the sep funnel had been
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Jacobsen’s Method of Epoxidation of an Alkene | | Abstract Various types of reactions were completed to first create and then use Jacobsen’s catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of an unknown alkene with bleach in the laboratory. The chiral epoxide synthesized was then characterized with GC/MS and NMR. With this information the unknown alkene was able to be identified as 4-chlorostyrene. Introduction Organisms have evolved with mechanisms that use specific enantiomers of molecules
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