separate these two compounds column chromatography can be used to exploit the weaker polarity of 4-bromonitrobenzene. 4-Bromonitrobenzene has a weaker polarity due to its nitro group being in a para position thus lessening the electronegative effects of bromine on the other side of the ring by pulling electron density toward the ring1. Column
Premium Electrophilic aromatic substitution Aromaticity Organic reaction
Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for Students Revision checklist for IGCSE Chemistry 0620 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Chemistry examination. It will help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. It can also be used to help you to revise by using tick boxes in Section 3‚ ‘What you need to know’‚ to check
Premium Oxygen Sodium chloride Chemistry
GLOBAL WARMING What Is Global Warming? Global warming is the warming of the earth through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into the atmosphere from tailpipes and smokestacks. Then the gases trap heat like the glass in a greenhouse. This is where the term the “greenhouse effect” came from. What’s Happening Scientists say that the barrier insulating the continental ice caps is melting. “The impacts of warming temperatures in Antarctica
Premium Earth Atmosphere Global warming
Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Paper Reference 4 3 3 5 Candidate No. 2 H Signature Paper Reference(s) 4335/2H Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 2H Higher Tier Wednesday 17 June 2009 – Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number‚ candidate number‚ your surname
Premium Oxygen Sulfuric acid Copper
The SN2 reaction requires three qualities: a strong nucleophile‚ a good‚ unhindered leaving group‚ and a polar‚ aprotic solvent. For our reaction‚ we have all three bases covered. The nucleophile is an alkoxide‚ a deprotonated alcohol. Technically‚ because our alcohol is a phenol‚ the conjugate base is called a phenoxide. Phenol itself has a pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for
Premium Nucleophile
6. What is the mass of 3.01 x 1023 atoms of sulfur? 7. What is the mass of 2.41 x 1024 molecules of water? 8. What is the formula mass (molar mass) of ammonium nitrate? 9. How many moles are in 56.2 grams of bromine gas? 10. What is the mass of 2.67 moles of sulfuric acid? 11. What is the mass of 3.5 moles of sodium sulfide? 12. Calculate the mass of 0.354 moles of ammonia‚ NH3. 13. Calculate the mass of 3.54 moles of sodium
Premium Oxygen Ion Carbon dioxide
UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
Premium Carbon Atom Petroleum
hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and differentiate between various conformations of ethane; appreciate the role of hydrocarbons as sources of energy and for other industrial applications; predict the formation of the addition products of unsymmetrical alkenes and alkynes on the basis of electronic mechanism; comprehend the structure of benzene‚ explain aromaticity and understand mechanism of electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene; predict the directive influence
Premium Chemical bond Methane Hydrogen
Exercise 14: Qualitative Anion Tests PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to identify some commonly occurring anions & to study some of the reactions used for their identification. PROCEDURE: You must first determine to which of the three groups the various anions belong. Since no two people observe the same event in exactly the same way it is important to also conduct specific confirmation tests on the known samples of each anion. This information will help identify the anion
Premium Chlorine Sodium chloride Ion
million eggs during a single breeding season. The only natural control is a species of diving duck. Hot water will kill zebra mussels (only useful for a very small bilge!). Chlorine will also kill them‚ but is very toxic to marine life. Potassium‚ bromine‚ ozone and ultraviolet light are less toxic alternatives are difficult to apply under water. A novel experiment was reported at the Sixth International Zebra Mussel and other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference in March 1996.zebra mussel’s are about
Premium Invasive species Great Lakes