This essay will describe and evaluate the social learning theory of crime‚ and Bowlby’s maternal deprecation Hypothesis. Crime is an action or excluded that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. There are two main explanations on crime based on the theories of nature and nurture. First of all‚ there is Bandura’s social learning theory. The social learning theory (1997) states that behaviour is learned from the environment though the process of observational
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07/09/12 Bowlby’s Evolutionary Theory “Babies’ smiles are powerful things‚ leaving mothers spellbound and enslaved. Who can doubt that the baby who most readily rewards his mother with a smile is the one who is best loved and best cared for?” – Bowlby‚ 1957. John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst (like Freud) and believed that mental health and behavioral problems could be attributed to early childhood. Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment suggests that children come into the world biologically
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and influences their contact with others (Bretherton & Munholland‚ 1999) and their understanding of the world (Schore‚ 2000) This impairment in their internal working model as a result of deprivation could result in conditions such as a cold affectionless character and delinquency (Bowlby‚ 1951). This is related to future criminal behaviour by causing the inability to show affection or concern for others and little regard for the consequences of their actions and their impact on others. This notion
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Attachment Theory The Attachment theory is focused on the relationships and bonds between people‚ particularly long-term relationships including those between a parent and child and between romantic partners. Attachment is an emotional bond to another person. Psychologist John Bowlby (1969‚ 1988) was the first attachment theorist‚ describing attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings." Bowlby believed that the earliest bonds formed by children with their caregivers
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attachment figure is broken or disrupted during the critical two year period the child will suffer irreversible long term consequences of maternal depravation which may include: delinquency‚ reduced intelligence‚ increased aggression‚ depression‚ affectionless psychopathy. This risk continues until the age of 5. Bowlby used the term maternal depravation to refer to the separation or loss of the mother as well as failure to develop an attachment. Three landmark studies conducted in the 1950s supported his views
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Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare‚ contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime‚ Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth century
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An understanding of my feelings regarding Maternal deprivation Maternal deprivation was a term used by British psychologist John Bowlby. Bowlbys theory of maternal deprivation was that any disruption to the continuity of a loving and mutual bond between child and mother/mother figure can be potentially damaging to a child’s emotional‚ intellectual and social development. Bowlby believed that if a bond is broken between child and mother between the crucial period of 6 months and 5 years‚ then
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One theory of attachment that behaviourists such as Dollard and Miller (1950) have put forward is Learning Theory‚ this theory believes that all behaviours are acquired though learning which takes place through classical and operant conditioning. Learning theory provides explanations on how attachments between the caregiver and baby are formed‚ one explanation is through classical conditioning; learning by association. This is based upon Pavlov’s work with dogs in 1927. Before conditioning an unconditioned
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Understanding and Supporting Behaviour. Assignment 1 In this essay I intend to give a definition of what challenging behaviour is and how this definition could help me to support behaviour. I will identify four types of behaviour which can be seen as challenging in a social care setting‚ also some internal and external factors that may influence challenging behaviour and why. I will describe two methods of intervention that can be used to support individuals with challenging behaviour. Lastly
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theory as he found that deprived boys were more likely to be delinquent and lack empathy. He found that of the 17 who had experienced separation from their mother‚ 14 showed no remorse for any of their behaviour. Bowlby diagnosed them with ‘Affectionless Psychopathy’ which is an inability to care for the consequences of their behaviour upon others. Rutter studies large numbers of boys (aged 9-12) in London and the isle of white who had been separated from their mother during early childhood and he found
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