actinitium K) is a chemical element that has the symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It is the second rarest naturally occurring elements after astatine. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine‚ radium and radon. As an alkali metal‚ it has one valence electron. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Perey in France (from which the element takes its name) in 1939. It was the last element discovered in nature‚ rather than being man made. Outside the laboratory‚ francium
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KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE & HUMANITIES POLYGON-09 RECENT TRENDS IN POWER GENERATION-TECHNICAL APPROACH Presented by‚ R.Mohammed Zahir-08ITR048 G.K.Palani Selvam-08ITR052 B.TECH-IT ABSTRACT: All over the world‚ electricity remains to be a vital component of national development. Electrical energy is easy to transport and convert to other forms of energy‚ and available at the flick of a switch‚ it has kept its place as the main source of energy in commercial
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in a form of gases or microscopic particles floating in our air that we breathe. (" toxic Rain: The Effect of Acid rain on the Environment.") The pH scale has numbers from 0 to 14 and acid are from 0-7 but alkali are from 7-14 and neutral is 7. A lake has a ph of 8 or above which is alkali and distilled water is neutral (pH=7)‚ although‚ New York lakes contain high acid which have the pH of 4 and 4.5 which is below the normal. (" toxic Rain: The Effect of Acid rain on the Environment.") Coal
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Capri‚ PhD‚ 2003). Each chemical in the vertical rows on the periodic table are considered families or groups because they have properties that are similar to each other. All the chemicals in group 1A of the periodic table are considered alkali metals. Alkali metals are similar in that each of them has only one atom in the outermost shell and they are very reactive when combined with other elements. All elements in column 7A are halogens. Halogens are also highly reactive oxidizing agents that are
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Chemical Prperties of Metals Most metals are chemically reactive‚ reacting with oxygen in the air to form oxides over changing timescales (for example iron rusts over years and potassium burns in seconds). The alkali metals react quickest followed by the alkaline earth metals‚ found in the leftmost two groups of the periodic table. Examples: 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O (sodium oxide) 2Ca + O2 → 2CaO (calcium oxide) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3 (aluminium oxide) The transition metals take much longer to
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B VIII IB II B III A IV A VA VI A VII A VIII A Transition Elements Main groups can be designated as ’A’ and ’B’ with column number in Roman numerals. 3 Audi Majdan – DMC 101 – KLIUC Group 1A 2A 6A 7A 8A Elements Li‚ Na‚ K‚ Rb‚ Cs‚ Alkali metals Fr Be‚ Mg‚ Ca‚ Sr‚ Ba‚ Alkaline earth metals Ra Chalcogens O‚ S‚ Se‚ Te‚ Po Halogens F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ I‚ At Noble gases (inert or rare He‚ Ne‚ Ar‚ Kr‚ Xe‚ gases) Rn Name • Period: The elements in a row of the periodic table → 7 Periods
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Lye is a corrosive alkaline substance‚ commonly sodium hydroxide (NaOH‚ also known as ’caustic soda’) or historically potassium hydroxide (KOH‚ from hydrated potash). Previously‚ lye was among the many different alkalis leached from hardwood ashes.[1] Today lye is commercially manufactured using a membrane cell method. Solid dry lye is commonly available as flakes‚ pellets‚ microbeads‚ and coarse powder. It is also available as solution‚ often dissolved in water. Lye is valued for its use in food
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properties. c noble gas: an inert or non-reactive element that is located in a group 0 (or 18) of the Periodic Table. d transition metal: metallic elements found in groups 3–12 that often have coloured compounds. e alkali metal: metallic elements that are extremely reactive. Alkali metals are located in group 1 of the Periodic Table. f halogen: a non-metallic element found in group 7 (or 17) of the Periodic Table. 2 Examine the Periodic Table on page 85 and answer the following questions: a
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purification methods Centrifugation Sublimation Partition equilibrium of a solute between two immiscible solvents Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography 2 2 3 6 Chapter 65 Quantitative methods of analysis Detection of end point in acid-alkali titration 8 Chapter 66 Instrumental analytical methods More about infrared spectroscopy More about mass spectrometry 12 15 Chapter 67 Contribution of analytical chemistry to our society Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 32 PART
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IGCSE PRE-AICE CHEMISTRY 0620 OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE Notes: To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre‚ dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test. Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid‚ liquid‚ and gas‚ in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No | Diffusion:
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