A gene pool is the configuration of the sum of the alleles of each individual in a population. A comparison of the genotype frequencies from one generation to another indicates whether evolution has occurred. Gene pools that are not evolving are said to be in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (Campbell 456). The main objective of this human population genetics experiment was to examine the allele frequencies for the sample population of my biology class and predict genotype
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hemoglobin which may result in death. Allele frequency changes over time depending on the pressures or circumstances facing a particular population. African populations are especially impacted by both malaria and sickle cell anemia. Depending on the impacted population‚ allele frequency often shifts and well suited organisms are likely to survive and allele frequencies can increase. When a population is effected by disease or other circumstances‚ allele frequency may decrease or change. HbA
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drift‚ along with natural selection‚ mutation‚ and gene flow‚ is one of the basic evolutionary forces of evolution. Evolution is the method by which allele frequencies in a population change over time. This process can be random‚ where the changes occur through genetic drift (Hahn and Bentley 2003). Genetic drift causes these random changes in allele frequencies‚ which result from random fluctuations across generations. Genetic drift happens in ALL populations‚ large and small‚ but affects them to
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of alleles in a population of organisms. If A and a are alleles for a particular gene and each individual has two alleles then p is the frequency of the A allele and q is the frequency of a alleles. The frequency of the possible diploid combinations is expressed in the equation p2+2pq+q2=1. In order for the Hardy-Weinberg equation to work five conditions must be met: 1. The breeding population must be large. 2. Mating must be random. 3. There must not be mutations of the alleles.
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is determined in humans by a dominant allele T‚ with tasters having the genotypes Tt or TT and nontasters having tt. If you discover that 36% of the members of a population cannot taste PTC‚ then according to Hardy-Weinberg equation‚ the frequency of the T allele should be a. 0.4 b. 0.6 c. 0.64 d. 0.8 5. A gene in humans has two alleles‚ M and N‚ that code for different surface proteins in red blood cells. If you know what the frequency of allele M is 0.2‚ according to the Hardy-Weinberg
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Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation has affected‚ and will continue to affect the dynamics of populations for most organism types that are subjected to it. From the physical structures we construct for the conveniences of humankind to the deterioration of continuity in our forests and other vast ecosystems that we have exploited to support urbanization and development of land‚ we are changing the ways in which organisms can use the landscapes to which they have evolved. By creating barriers and inhospitable
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populations. 6. Genetic drift has a greater effect on smaller populations than large populations. In a small population‚ random chance has a significant change in the frequency of alleles in a short time. In a large population‚ genetic drift has very little effects in any given generation. 7. Yes‚ the relative frequency of the alleles in the population changes over time. For example‚ in the lab it takes several generations before the color of the worm population becomes fixed. 8. Evolution has occurred
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Biology Hardy-Weinberg Lab Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation‚ calculate the predicted genotype frequencies for each population scenario below. Place your calculations and data in the space provided below. Once you have calculated the frequencies‚ answer the conclusion questions for each one. Please remember that all calculations must be shown for full credit. Scenario #1 In the year 2050‚ humans have successfully colonized the Moon. The lunar modules created for this purpose could only house
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genes AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes b B A a GF 2007 A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B b A a GF 2007 A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B b A a GF 2007 A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes AB alleles on different
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out which ones are dominant alleles and recessive alleles. Genes as a unit of Inheritance: Gregor Mendel experimented by cross breeding pea plants over a number of generations and observed/followed different plant characteristics. Any given characteristic of the plant is governed by distinct units of inheritance. These distinct units are called genes. Each individual has 2 copies of a gene‚ one from each parent (inheritance). These alternate forms of gene are called alleles. Homozygous: same copy. Example:
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