Theorem: Frequencies of alleles and genotypes are preserved from generation to generation in populations that are not evolving -p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 Hardy-Weinburg tells us that we will never get rid of bad genes and it’s used to figure how gene populations change over time The Hardy-Weinberg theorem describes a pop’n that is not evolving. It has 5 assumptions: 1. Genetic Drift: This represents random changes in small gene pools due to sampling errors in propagation of alleles. The bottleneck effect
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How is Eye Color Inherited? How do children inherit eye color? Can a child’s eye color be predicted? Why are an albino’s eyes pink? How can two brown eyed parents produce a blue eyed child? Why are my eyes a darker blue than
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act to allow evolution of the species. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution emphasizes that populations‚ not individuals‚ evolve. The purpose of my experiment was to test the allele and genotype frequencies. Alleles for a gene are represented by letters of the alphabet. The theory of Hardy-Weinberg states that an allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolution. How to use and understand the punett square. Also
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Assignment biology Chapter 5 Inheritance Credit First of all‚ I would like to express gratitude to God for all His Divine Guidance. Alhamdulillah‚ Biology course work was completed with inspiration‚ grace and guidance that has given him. Peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and on his family‚ then his companions and predecessors‚ the religious scholars and to all the servants of God who followed in their footsteps. Thank you very sincere gratitude to my parents who have educated
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population experienced allele fixation much earlier than the larger population: only an average of 11.3 generations until fixation‚ compared to an average of 78.84 generations until fixation for the larger population. With this being said‚ one can begin to understand why small populations of vultures have different probabilities and times of fixation compared to larger populations. It is due to the fact that in the case of a small population‚ each individual represents a larger allele proportion that makes
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Homozygous for sickle-cell allele. B. Oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin differs by one amino acid from normal hemoglobin. C. Defective hemoglobin forms crystal-like structures that change the shape of the red blood cells. D. Normal red bloods cells are disc-shaped‚ but abnormal red blood cells are sickle-shaped or half- moon. E. The change in shape occurs in the body’s narrow capillaries after hemoglobin delivers oxygen to the cells. F. Heterozygous for the allele produce both normal & sickled
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Carrier: a person who is heterozygous for a recessive disease and therefore does not display the phenotype (disease). They are called carriers because although they are phenotypically normal with regard to the disorder‚ they can transmit the recessive allele to their offspring. They are heterozygotes and normal (Rr) DISEASES a. Recessively Inherited Disorders Tay-Sachs disease * Inherited disorder in humans where the brain cells of a child with the disease cannot metabolize certain lipids
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Selection: • One extreme favoured – current optimum for existing conditions • Environmental change produce new selection pressure - favours extreme condition • Change in condition = optimum sifts to favour new optimum • Some organism possess allele that favours new optimum • Over time selection -> pre dominate of organisms new optimum and therefore optimum shifts Stabilising Selection: • Occurs in all population where environment is stable • Selection pressure at both ends of distribution
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his gametes should have the G allele‚ and the other half should have the g allele. F 3. A Punnett square is a chart that allows you to easily determine the expected genotypes in the offspring of two parents. (expected percents) T 4. In a cross between two homozygous dominant individuals‚ 25% of the offspring may have the recessive phenotype. F 5. A parent cell makes gametes through the process of mitosis. T 6. It is entirely likely for a gene to have more than two alleles. F 7. Incomplete dominance
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* Proteins were originally thought to be the molecule of heredity because they were more complex than DNA‚ were very present‚ and DNA was only found on chromosomes * * S type → dead mouse * R type → healthy mouse * S type (heat killed) → healthy mouse→ no S cells isolated from mouse * S type (heat killed) plus R → dead mouse * S type → dead mouse * R type → healthy mouse * S type (heat killed) → healthy mouse→ no S cells
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