the 37 degrees Celsius incubator for 48 hours‚ observed for a blue color‚ then placed back in the incubator for another 5 days and observed again. The sixth and seventh tests performed was the fermentation of sucrose and arabinose. This was performed by aseptically inoculating a tube of phenol red sucrose broth‚ and a tube of phenol red arabinose broth with the unknown culture and incubating at 37 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. After incubation‚ the two tubes were examined for color change. The
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to function‚ have been discussed. The eco-system is specialized and buffered in a narrow range of pH‚ which helps the animal to maintain a very well stabilized eco-system which is not disturbed by the incoming microbial contaminants into the fermentation sac (rumen) through feed and water intake. The microbial ecosystem is well studied for the rumen of domesticated animals like cattle‚ sheep and goat‚ but it is poorly studied in buffalo and wild ruminants. The necessity to use molecular biology
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Process (sequence of the reaction) The less of oxygen makes oxygen enrichment at the top as well as anaerobic condition at the bottom (O2 gradient). Clostridium and other anaerobic bacteria dominate under anaerobic conditions at the bottom. Cellulose from the paper into glucose and that would be a trigger for the bacteria (Clostridium) to take in the glucose and partially break it down by fermentation to gain energy and to produce ethanol and organic acids as by-products. The by-products from Clostridium
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microorganism #17. Kliger’s Iron Agar slants also contains a pH indicator‚ phenol red‚ which can be used to test the presence of fermentation. If there is a glucose or lactose fermentation‚ the acid will be produced‚ and the color will change from red to yellow. If there is only glucose fermentation‚ the slant will have a yellow butt. If there are both glucose and lactose fermentation‚ there will be a yellow slant and butt. Kliger’s Iron Agar slants is also used to check the presence of hydrogen sulfide
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Kurup GM (1997). Pretreatment studies of cellulose wastes for optimization of cellulase enzyme activity Biotechnol. 62:201-211.Altschul SF‚ Madden TL‚ Schaffer AA‚ Zhang J‚ Zhang Z‚ Miller W‚ Lipman DJ (1997) Bernett JA‚ Payne RW‚ Yarrow D (1990). YEASTS: Characteristics and identification Hooijdonk G‚ Faaij A PC (2005). Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: techno-economic performance in short- middle- and long-term. Biomass. Bioenergy. 28: 384-410 Ingole NW‚ Bhole AG (2002) Sagehashi M‚ Miyasaka
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Microbiology Lecture Notes: I.Cell1/27/14 1. Robert Hooke 2. Basic unit of structure and function in all living things. a. Unicellular à Microscopic b. Multicellular à Microscopic & Macroscopic c. 2 main cell groups: 1. Eukaryote = True Nucleus 2. Prokaryote= Bacteria (only) a. Karyo = nucleus‚ pro= pre‚ Eu= true 3. Components of a cell: a. Nucleus: brain of cell; has nuclear membrane/envelope 1. DNA à Chromosomes (Genes) à make protein à Macromolecule
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specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways‚ each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were oxidase‚ catalase‚ lactose and sucrose fermentation‚ Kugler/iron agar‚ nitrate reduction‚ gelatin hydrolysis‚ starch hydrolysis‚ manitol salt‚ MR-VP‚ citrate‚ bile esculin‚ indole‚ urease‚ DNase‚ and coagulase. Material & Methods The tests performed on the unknown bacteria cultures
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to the substrate. If the structure doesn’t fit‚ the reaction will not be catalyzed. (Preszler‚ 2011) Method: Label 10 fermentation tubes (1-10). Next measure 4mL of your desired sugar‚ 2mL of your desired enzyme‚ and 10mL of yeast (or water when needed in replace of yeast) and pour into a beaker and give it a swirl. Then pour the solution into the corresponding fermentation tube. Tip the tube until the closed arm is full of solution and place in the water bath. Record the amount of carbon dioxide
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A microorganism (from the Greek: μικρός‚ mikros‚ "small" and ὀργανισμός‚ organismós‚ "organism") is a microscopic organism‚ which may be a single cell[1] or multicellular organism. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology‚ a subject that began with Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microorganisms in 1675‚ using a microscope of his own design. Microorganisms are very diverse and include all the bacteria and archaea and almost all the protozoa. They also include some members of the
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ice‚ which substances would be able to give off enough Carbon dioxide to inflate a balloon. The scientist will of course be controlling many variables. The scientists independent variable will be the substances they will be using‚ which is dry ice‚ yeast‚ and baking soda with acid. The scientist will also have substances that will remain constant‚ i.e.‚ the balloons‚ the size of the bottles used and the amount of substance the scientist uses. While there have been many different variations
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