Obesity In Children Pediatrics > Obesity In Children Key points Children and adolescents with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile for age and sex are defined as obese Obese children usually first present at routine check-ups during which weight and BMI are assessed Evaluation should include a fasting lipid profile and a fasting blood glucose level with insulin and C-peptide levels to assess degree of insulin resistance. Obese children newly diagnosed with diabetes should be evaluated
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nuts‚ seeds‚ eggs‚ peas‚ beans‚ etc. are good protein sources. Instruct client to monitor daily diet Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease: Over-the-Counter Medications (System Disorder‚ RM AMS RN 9.0 Chp 60) Avoid antimicrobials‚ NSAIDs‚ angiotensin-converting enzyme
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26: Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance Objectives Body Fluids 1. List the factors that determine body water content and describe the effect of each factor. 2. Indicate the relative fluid volume and solute composition of the fluid compartments of the body. 3. Contrast the overall osmotic effects of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 4. Describe factors that determine fluid shifts in the body. Water Balance and ECF Osmolality 5. List the routes by which water enters
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Boehmer’s history of hypertension‚ smoking‚ and coronary artery disease causes myocardial workload to increase‚ contribute to inflammation‚ and neurohumoral changes. At the same time‚ it activates the sympathetic nervous systems (SNS) as well as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)‚ which can lead to ventricular remodeling. The myocardium dilates as the result of myocardial extracellular structure disruptions due to the remodeling. Over time‚ the dilation of the ventricle causes contractility reduction
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glands and kidneys. Angiotensinogen requires conrol. Renin is increased if blood pressure is decreased‚ sensed by the kidneys. More renin increase means an increase in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. This has to be then converted to angiotensin II by an enzyme which limits angiotensin metabolism. • Thibodeau‚ A‚ Anthony‚ P‚ 1987‚ Anatomy and Physiology‚ 12th edn‚ Time Mirror/Mosby‚ Toronto. 4. Subdural Haemorrhage: A subdural haemorrhage is a type of hematoma which is associated
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o The urinary system plays a role in maintaining normal blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin. One of the important functions of the kidneys is to regulate blood pressure. Healthy kidneys make hormones such as renin and angiotensin. These hormones regulate how much sodium (salt) and fluid the body keeps‚ and how well the blood vessels can expand and contract. This‚ in turn‚ helps control blood pressure. They do this by regulating: • The amount of water in the body. If
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products -Control BP (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) Urinary System Structure: Kidneys (produce urine)‚ Ureters (transport urine to bladder)‚ Bladder (stores urine)‚ Urethra (conduct urine outside body) *Nephron- working unit of kidney *Kidneys receive 25% of cardiac output= approx. 1 Liter *GRF= 125ml/min & increases at night Renal Hormones: ADH- works in DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE Aldosterone- made in ADRENAL CORTEX ANP- inhibits secretion of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone & water absorption
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Anatomy Final Test 1 The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is *oxytocin The primary function of ADH is to ____ decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys ___ cells secrete somatostatin while____ cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide in the pancrease delta‚ F The pituitary gland releases nine important___ peptide hormones Parathyroid hormone = released when Calcium levels are low in blood -stimulates osteoclast activity
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development and the integrity of the extracellular matrix. Researchers now believe‚ secondary to mutated fibrillin‚ excessive TGF-β at the lungs‚ heart valves‚ and aorta weakens the tissues and causes the features of Marfan syndrome. Since angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) also reduce TGF-β‚ ARBs (losartan‚ etc.) have been tested in a small sample of young‚ severely affected Marfan syndrome patients. In some patients‚ the growth of the aorta was indeed reduced. Marfan syndrome is named after Antoine
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The term “heart failure” sounds as if the heart has already failed. This can increase a person’s anxiety especially in the aging population that is a targeted community for this disease assuming that the failure is equivalent to death. Heart failure is actually the decline in the hearts ability to sufficiently pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Many people can live with heart failure and are able to manage it through lifestyle changes‚ prescribed medication compliance‚ and regular physician
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