Listeria monocytogenes-infected human dentritic cells: uptake and host cell response. Infect. Immun. 68:3680-3688. Kruse‚ H.‚ Surum‚ H. 1994. Transfer of multiple drug resistance plasmids between bacteria of diverse origins in natural microenvironments. Appl Environ Microbiol. 60: 4015-4021. Levy‚ S.B. 1994. Balancing the drug-resistance equation. Trends Microbiol. 2:341-342. Lorber‚ B. 1997. Listeriosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:1-9. Lou‚ Y.‚ Yousef‚ A.E. 1999. Listeria‚ Listeriosis and Food Safety: Characteristic
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rBGH designed to increase milk production by 11-16%. Because Monsanto declared that their product involves zero antibiotics and proudly claimed that it is safe for both animal and human health‚ rBGH was extensively used by 17% of American dairy farmers and was approved by the FDA without hesitance. However‚ researches soon revealed that this artificial hormone is composed of antibiotics and‚ as it circulates through cows’ bloodstream‚ this drug eventually contaminates the
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Toward Sustainable Chemistry Terry Collins* Chemistry has an important role to play in achieving a sustainable civilization on Earth. The present economy remains utterly dependent on a massive inward flow of natural resources that includes vast amounts of nonrenewables. This is followed by a reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere. Chemical sustainability problems are determined largely by these economy-ecosphere materials flows (see the figure‚ below)‚ which current
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sector. Plants are genetically engineered to be resistant to herbicides‚ produce their own pesticides‚ have viral resistance‚ and to convert nitrogen directly from the soil. But these transgenes can insert into the genetics of relatives through cross-pollination‚ creating superweeds resistant to herbicides‚ pests and viruses. This may increase pest’s immunities and antibiotic resistances‚ transfer of pathogenic genes‚ the creation of new viruses‚ and introduce allergens into the food supply. Worse
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aureus‚ a sample is obtained from the infection site and sent to a microbiology laboratory for testing. If S. aureus is found‚ the organism should be further tested to determine which antibiotic would be effective for treatment. Doctors often diagnose MRSA by checking a tissue sample or nasal secretions for signs of drug-resistant bacteria. Current diagnostic procedures involve sending a sample to a lab where it is placed in a dish of nutrients
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infections account for two thirds of the 25‚000 deaths annually. Typically nosocomial infections result in blood stream infections‚ urinary tract infections and severe pneumonia. Most of these resulting infections have been known to exhibit antibiotic treatment resistance. The bacteria strains behind these infections are quickly evolving into Gram negative bacteria which is typically infecting people outside the health care facility. These health care associated infections being widely prevalent are
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Enterococcus By Richard Guilford Enterococcus Enterococcus‚ or more appropriately enterococci‚ are a family of bacteria in the division firmicutes (meaning strong skin and referring to the cell wall) and the class bacilli (which refers to its rod like shape). They look just like streptococcus bacteria from physical characteristics alone. In fact‚ members of the genus Enterococcus were classified as Group D Streptococcus until 1984 when genomic DNA analysis showed that a separate genus classification
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thus give an impetus to further research on being used as model organisms to be studied. 5.2 DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM: Treating every bacterial-caused disease with antibiotics causes several side effects and in the long run antibiotic resistance towards that disease. Hence to overcome this problem‚ I have chosen the protein that would be isolated from coelomic fluid of earthworm - Perionyx excavatus. This if proved non-cytotoxic
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gene found in bacterial cells‚ allows bacteria to be resistant to certain antibiotics. The mecA gene does not allow the ring-like structure of penicillin-like antibiotics to bind to enzymes that help form the cell wall of bacterium (transpeptidases)‚ so the bacteria continues to replicate normally. The gene encodes the protein known as PBP2A (penicillin-binding protein 2A). PBP2A has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics‚ such as penicillin and methicillin. This action enables transpeptidase in
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fibrosis prone to infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic infection that usually does not affect healthy patients‚ but is particularly detrimental in patients with cystic fibrosis. This is because they are antibiotic resistant to a certain extent. Paired with this‚ patients with cystic fibrosis have a decreased ability to produce mucous membranes‚ making it easier for biofilms associated with P. aeruginosa (Lyczak et al 2002). This along with their seemingly
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