STUDY GUIDE COSTS OF PRODUCTION: Total Physical Product (TP)- total output or quantity produced Marginal Product (MP)- the additional output generated by additional inputs (workers). Average Product (AP)- the output per unit of input. Stage 1: Increasing Marginal Returns Stage 2: Decreasing Marginal Returns Stage 3: Negative Marginal Returns TC- Total Costs: Sum of Fixed and Variable Costs VC- Variable Costs: Costs for variable resources that do change with the amount produced
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Diffusion: the movement of fluids from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration Cell theory: -All living things are made up of one or more cells and their product -Cells is the simplest unit that can carry out all processes -All cells come from preexisting cells Prokaryote: no nucleus or other membrane: bound organelles (E-Coli) Eukaryote: has a nucleus and other organelles‚ each surrounded by a thin membrane (Animals/human if multicell‚ amoeba if single cell) Organelles
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Emma Fried 10/16/11 UH III AP Biology Biology Textbook- Chapter 3-Water and the Fitness of the Environment (pages 41-51) POLAR-The opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges **attraction between polar molecules **hydrogen bonding orders molecules into structural organization Non-Polar-Substances that are hydrophobic/water fearing. They do not dissolve well and cannot bond. They share electrons perfectly‚ therefore have no difference in charge. Ex: oil‚ gum‚ wax‚ sand‚ plastic
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CHAPTER 6 (SECTION 6.3) Bonding Carbon- 4 bonds attached Oxygen- 2 bonds attached Hydrogen- 1 bond attached Purines vs. Pyrimidines Purines- adenine & guanine Pyrimidines- cytosine‚ thymine (DNA)‚ uracil (RNA) Pentose vs. Hexose sugars Pentose- 5 carbon atoms Hexose- 6 carbon atoms Carbohydrates Empirical Formula CH2O Hydrolysis vs. Condensation Reactions Hydrolysis- using water to break down protein into amino acids Condensation Reaction- nucleotides Enzymes- a protein
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AP Lab #5 Plant Pigments/Photosynthesis I. Identifying the Effects of Different Variables of Light and Carbon Dioxide on the Rate of Photosynthesis and Observing the Separation of Pigments Through Chromatography II. Introduction Plants have a variety of pigments‚ all of which absorb a different color of light. The three main pigments are chlorophyll a‚ chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Chlorophyll a is the primary plant pigment that absorbs red and blue light‚ which ultimately appears green to the human eye
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Sam Rausser Wednesday‚ August 17‚ 2011 3:38 PM Once glucose is made‚ glucose molecules can be converted (by plants) to… 1) monosaccharides‚ like fructose 2) Disaccharides a. Maltose (glu‐glu) seeds b. Sucrose (glu‐fru) sugar cane‚ sugar beets 3) Polysaccharides a. Starch‚ food storage in roots (chains of glucose) b. Cellulose‚ plant structure (chains of glucose) 4) Amino Acids a. Glucose + N from ground 5) Lipids‚ specifically oils which are energy source in seeds & phospholipids found in membranes
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The following is a sample of the type of exams that I will be giving in class. Try completing this exam in 45 minutes. This should be roughly half the size of your exam. Nick 1) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a) immunologist – studies ecology of Legionella pneumophila b) virologist -- studies human immunodeficiency virus c) Microbial ecologist -- studies bacteria that degrade oil d) Microbial physiologist – studies fermentation of sourdough bread e) Molecular biologist
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Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism • Organisms require the constant input of free energy and matter for growth‚ reproduction‚ and maintenance of living systems • Life requires a highly ordered system ▫ What is free energy? Energy available to do work in any system G What other types of energies do cells use? • Potential ▫ Stored energy ▫ Chemical • Kinetic ▫ Energy of motion Thermal Energy • • • • All forms of energy can be converted to heat Thermodynamics
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Cell Biology (PCB 3023) Fall 2012 Review for Exam 1 Chapter 1 List the key commonalties and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic – no organelles; no nucleus; bacteria and Achaea; spherical‚ rodlike/corkscrew-shaped; cell wall; Eukaryotic – has nucleus; has organelles Commonalities – contain DNA that stores genetic information What is the main component of cellular membranes? What function(s) do membranes serve in cells? Made of phospholipids; defines
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Biology notes for FST Project *ADD SUMMARIES AT END OF CHAPTERS UNIT 1 Macromolecules * Large molecules sometimes composed of a large number of repeating subunits * Four major classes: Carbohydrates (made of simple sugar/glucose)‚ Lipids (Glycerol and Fatty Acids)‚ Proteins (Amino Acids) and Nucleic Acids (Nucleotides) * Condensation reaction/dehydration synthesis: a reaction that creates a covalent bond between two interacting subunits. Removal of H from one functional group
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