The theory of cognitive dissonance By Adam Kowol Contents: 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 2 2. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES........................................... 2 3. MAJOR COGNITIVE DISSONANCE PHENOMENA ...................................... 4 4. REVISIONS AND ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATIONS .............................. 9 5. TENTATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE THEORY...........
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when I was given a month’s worth of work to do and left to my own devices‚ but when they made me participate in the class itself‚ I never did as well. I was given low grades because of this‚ and my father would hit me more. By the time I got into middle school‚ my parents had gotten a divorce and my mom had been remarried for seven years. It didn’t make things better. I worked harder and harder‚ and got better and better grades. And more and more bruises. Just after the beginning of my sophomore
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Play is one of the most defining features of childhood in Western society. It is something that all children have in common and what makes a child’s world different from adults. In answering the question‚ this essay will first examine the different opinions held by theorists as to why children play. I will then look at role play‚ which is one of the many types of play that children engage in. Finally I will look at children’s play as a social process using examples from other cultures and then briefly
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between the psychosocial developmental perspectives of behaviorism and cognitive theory. Cognitive concerns itself with the thought process behind behavior‚ whereas behavior concerns its self with observable behavior. Cognitive works with stuff like decision making and memories. Behaviorism says that we learn by “trial and error” that certain actions are associated with certain consequences. The only two things that cognitive and behaviorism have in common is they both deal with behavior but that’s
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Psychological Approaches to Learning Kenneth D. Lewis PSY 101 Jimletta Vareene-Thomas December 19 2010 Learning is a psychological behavior that is considered by most to be fundemental to human development. Learning is a relitively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience (Feldman‚ 2009 p. 177). This paper will discus behavior‚ cognitive‚ and developmental psycological theories to learning. It will also interpret the different psychological theories to learning and will
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Cognitive Dissonance How do human beings make decisions? What triggers a person to take action at any given point? These are all questions that I will attempt to answer with my theoretical research into Leon Festinger’s theory of cognitive dissonance‚ as well as many of the other related theories. We often do not realize the psychological events that take place in our everyday lives. It is important to take notice of theories‚ such as the balance theory‚ the congruency theory and the cognitive
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Cognitive Interventions Dialectical Behavior Therapy BSHS/311 Introduction Cognitive behavior therapy includes many types of therapy and can be applied in a variety of circumstances. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is most commonly known for use on clients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However‚ DBT is becoming more popular and often used when working with adolescents. Some adolescents participate in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Counselors find DBT is an effective
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Cognitive Organizers are powerful teaching and learning tools. They encourage active learning‚ demonstrate that knowledge is interconnected‚ facilitate group work‚ accommodate individual learning styles and engage students in higher order thinking. They can be used before‚ during or following instruction. Using cognitive organizers before instruction is an exciting way of introducing lessons and also cues students about the lessons and activities to come after. It also facilitates discussions among
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Explaining behaviour requires and approach. Unfortunately‚ there is not a single way of addressing that problem. Here after is a brief investigation of “two of the approaches” we have been taught in Psychology “Biological and Social approaches”. What are “biological” and “social” approaches in psychology? “Biological approach” in psychology “examines thoughts‚ feelings‚ and behaviours from a biological point of view”. It is thought that we are consequence of our genetics and physiology. “Social approach”
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Cognitive Styles and Learning Styles Cognitive styles describe how the individual acquires knowledge (cognition) and processes information (conceptualization). Cognitive styles are related to mental behaviors which individuals apply habitually when they are solving problems. In general‚ they affect the way in which information is obtained‚ sorted‚ and utilized. Cognitive style is usually described as a stable and persistent personality dimension which influences attitudes‚ values‚ and social
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