General Principles of Aquatic Ecology KAREN L. LANCOUR National Rules Committee Chairman – Life Science Part I: General Principles of Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Lotic ecosystems – flowing water o Streams o Rivers Lentic ecosystems – still water o Ponds o Lakes o Wetlands Estuary ecosystems Marine ecosystems o Coral Reef Ecology Review of Ecology Principles: Ecology = the systematic study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environment
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Introduction Ecosystem is similar to a community. It consists of species‚ living organisms and the abiotic factors‚ their habitat. Living organisms includes animals‚ plants‚ insects‚ micro-organisms. For their habitat‚ they are the non-living nature which are soil‚ sunlight‚ water‚ precipitation. There are two types of ecosystem. Terrestrial ecosystem which is on the land and aquatic ecosystem which is under the water. Over-breeding is the increase of offspring of a species to a excessive number
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Aquatic Biome! ! The aquatic biome makes up the largest part of the biosphere‚ covering nearly 75% of the Earth’s surface and consists of the freshwater biome and the marine biome. Freshwater regions consist of ponds‚ lakes‚ streams‚ rivers‚ wetlands and marine regions include oceans‚ coral reefs and estuaries. Marine biomes generally have salt concentrations that average 3%‚ whereas freshwater biomes are usually characterised by a salt concentration of less than 0.1%. The aquatic biome is probably
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There are more to aquatic plants than just floating on the surface of water. Aquatic plants are plants that can adapt and live in a freshwater environment. They are sometimes called hydrophytes. These include plants that live in fresh wetlands‚ swamps‚ ponds‚ lakes‚ and marshes. This type of plant actually serves two important functions. First‚ they help oxygenate water (2006) and they provide nutrients and food for some fishes (Tappin‚ 2003). There are many types of aquatic plants including rooted
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What is the Marine Ecosystem? Marine ecosystems are among the largest of Earth’s aquatic ecosystems. It covers almost 70% of the earth’s surface. They include oceans‚ salt marsh and intertidal ecology‚ estuaries and lagoons‚ mangroves and coral reefs‚ the deep sea and the sea floor. They can be contrasted with freshwater ecosystems‚ which have a lower salt content. Why is the Marine Ecosystem important? Marine ecosystems are very important in to the overall health of both marine and terrestrial
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Ecosystem I. Introduction 1. Meaning of Ecosystem 2. Importance of Ecosystem II. Components of an Ecosystem 1. Biotic Components 1.1 Producers 1.2 Composers 1.2.1 Primary Consumer 1.2.2 Secondary Consumer 1.2.3 Tertiary Consumer 1.3 Decomposers 2. Abiotic Components 2.1 Sunlight 2.2 Water 2.3 Temperature 2.4 Wind 2.5 Atmospheric Gases 2.6 Soil 2.7 Periodic Disturbance III. Conclusion ECOSYSTEM I. Introduction 1. Meaning of Ecosystem Everything in the
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Aquatic plants: Fixed plants Fixed plants are held in place by their roots which grow in the water-bed. The Water Lily and Lotus are such plants. Their stems are long‚ hollow and light. These stems reach the surface of the water. The leaves and flowers‚ which grow from the top end of the stems‚ float upon the water. The leaves are broad with stomata on the top surface so that the water does not block them. Lotus The roots of lotus are planted in the soil of the pond or river bottom‚ while
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WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem consists of the biological community that occurs in some locale‚ and the physical and chemical factors that make up its non-living or abiotic environment. There are many examples of ecosystems -- a pond‚ a forest‚ an estuary‚ grassland. The study of ecosystems mainly consists of the study of certain processes that link the living‚ or biotic‚ components to the non-living‚ or abiotic‚ components. Energy transformations and ecosystem components are the two main topics
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Ecosystems – Grassland vs. Mountains Every single day‚ we breathe in air and take a look at the green grass‚ we taste the blue water‚ we subconsciously analyze the soil‚ feel grey rocks‚ look down on small insects‚ watch the growing trees‚ the flying birds‚ and even ourselves‚ the people. But all of these elements do not exist just to be there‚ they have a further important meaning interacting with organisms. We are talking about a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical
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turbulent‚ and swift. Streams and rivers are stratified into vertical zones. The salt and nutrient content of streams and rivers increases from the headwaters to the mouth. Damming and flood control impair the natural functioning of stream and river ecosystems and threaten migratory species such as salmon. Estuaries: is a transition area between river and sea. Seawater flows up the estuary channel during a rising tide and flows back down during the falling tide. Salinity varies spatially within estuaries
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