Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated hydrocarbons Have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes. Are alkenes with double bonds. Are alkynes with triple bonds. 1 Structure of Alkenes Alkenes (and alkynes) are unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkenes have one or more double bonds The two bonds in a double bond are different: - one bond is a sigma () bond; these are cylindrical in shape and are very strong - the other is a pi (π) bond; these involve sideways overlap of
Free Benzene Hydrocarbon Alkene
the atom was once extremely limited. As time passes‚ we begin to discover more and more about the world we live in. We have come to know much about the atom over the past two hundred years through the work of numerous brilliant scientists. Throughout history‚ scientists have come up with many experiments and atomic models to explain the atoms all around us‚ all leading up to our modern understanding. The Greek philosopher Democritus (460 BC- 370 BC) was first to infer the existence of atoms. Democritus
Free Atom Electron Neutron
particles called atoms. * Write the symbols and names of the following elements: H‚ He‚ Li‚ Be‚ B‚ C‚ N‚ O‚ F‚ Ne‚ Na‚ Mg‚ Al‚ Si‚ P‚ S‚ Cl‚ Ar‚ K‚ Ca‚ Ti‚ V‚ Cr‚ Mn‚ Fe‚ Co‚ Ni‚ Cu‚ Zn‚ Br‚ Sr‚ Ag‚ Sn‚ I‚ Ba‚ Pt‚ Au‚ Hg‚ Cd and Pb. * List the relative charges and relative masses (on the atomic mass scale) of the fundamental particles - protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * State that atoms have a dense positively
Premium Atom Chemistry Electron
is loosely held and it is easy for the elctron to be released to form stable octet lectron arrangement. The reactivity of G1 is the tendency of the atom to release elctron to form stable electron arrangement. The easierm the atom releases electron‚ the more reactive it is. ELECTROPOSITIVITY The electropositivity of G1 is the tendency of the atom to release electron to form stable electron arrangement. As the size increases going down the group‚ the valence gets further away from the nucleus.
Free Atom Electron
Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms‚ molecules or ions). They are weak compared to the intramolecular forces‚ the forces which keep a molecule together. There are a few types of attractive intermolecular forces such as: Dipole-Dipole Forces Dipole–dipole interactions are electrostatic interactions of permanent dipoles in molecules. These interactions tend to align the molecules to increase the attraction
Premium Atom Chemical bond Covalent bond
GaP or GaAs? (You may wish to use a bond-type triangle to discuss this point.) -GaP 6. Rank the following LEDs that you used in lab in terms of increasing lattice spacing. (Lattice spacing reflects the average bond length between the III-V type atoms in the solid.) GaP 0.40As0.60‚
Premium Light Electronegativity Energy
to the nucleus? 2. The principle quantum number indicates what property of an electron? 3. What shape are s orbitals and p orbitals? 4. What is the maximum number of f orbitals in one energy level of an atom? 5. What is the maximum number of d orbitals in one principal energy level of an atom? 6. What is the maximum number of orbitals in a p sublevel? 7. What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level (n=2)? 8. What happens when an electron moves from a lower to
Premium Quantum mechanics Photon Atom
quantities. Atom - the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. Neutrons - electrically neutral Protons - one unit of positive charge Electrons - one unit of negative charge Atomic Nucleus - the center of an atom Dalton - the same as the atomic mass unit or amu. Atomic Number - the number of protons‚ which is unique to that element Mass Number - the sum of protons plus neutron in the nucleus of an atom. Atomic Mass - the total mass of an atom. Isotopes
Free Atom
electrons. It is the sharing of electrons from each atom that define the chemical bond. Because all bonds involve the sharing of electrons‚ we can say that all bonds are covalent. It’s just that some are more polar that others and some are very‚ very polar. It is the latter which take on some of the characteristics of an ionic bond. The ionic and covalent bonds are known to be the strongest chemical bonds. An ionic bond forms when two atoms differ so much in electronegativity that one or more
Free Chemical bond Covalent bond Ionic bond
Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Particle Theory: the scientific statements that summarize about particles of matter 1. All matter is made up of particles that contain spaces between each particle 2. Different substances are made up of different types of particles 3. Particles are always in constant motion 4. The movement of particles will increase if temperature rises 5. Particles are attracted to each other Pure substance: a substance that consists of only 1 type of particle
Premium Atom Chemistry Chemical element