You correctly answered: c. a single‚ fused ventricle. 05/ Review Sheet Results 1. Explain why the larger waves seen on the oscilloscope represent the ventricular contraction. Your answer: The ventricular contraction is of greater force than the atrial contraction since the ventricular contraction functions to send blood throughout the entire body (systemic circulation). The contraction of the atrium send blood only to the lungs and rest of the the heart (pulmonary circulation). 2. Explain why
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multi-nodular thyroid. The thyroid ultrasound revealed heterogenous masses. An uptake scan was recommended. Moreover‚ his 2D-echo revealed a normal LV size and function with an ejection fraction of 60%. An aortic valve sclerosis and a dilated left atrial cavity were noted. A follow-up visit with the specialist doctors was recommended. He was discharged in stable condition on
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persists for 3-4 hours. Side effects: I. Cardiovascular system reactions: Unintentional intravascular injection of bupivacaine during regional anaesthesia or peripheral nerve blocks causes severe cardio toxic effects including hypotension‚ ventricular fibrillation and atrio-ventricular
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My patient was a 70year old retired home help who presented with a history of fast heart beat (Fibrillation in her own words) of 15years. It is imperative to use open ended questions during such discussions in order to encourage patients to speak freely (Patton‚ 1987). At all times‚ verbal and non-verbal cues are vital when attending to patients; I listened carefully and maintained close eye contact with my patient. The key to effective information gathering is good listening skills (Duffy‚ 1999)
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The myocardium is the middle layer and finally the endocardium is the innermost. The heart is composed of different cell types which all contribute to structural‚ biochemical‚ mechanical‚ and electrical properties. Forming the walls of the heart are atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cells specialize in different roles. They determine the function of a tissue in the human body. Endothelial cells form the endocardium which is the interior lining of blood vessels and cardiac valves. Over 50 percent
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART Anatomy: The heart and heart wall layers: The heart is located in the left side of the mediastinum; it consists of three muscle layers the Endocardium‚ myocardium‚ and epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart. The myocardium is the idle layer of and actual contracting muscle of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer and lines the inner chambers and heart valves. Pericardial sac: The pericardial sac encases and protects
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a little uncomfortable because it is cold and a great deal of pressure is applied to my chest‚ neck‚ and stomach. The cardiologist left my mom and me in a patient room for a couple hours‚ and when she came back‚ she told me I had something called atrial septal defect. She said‚ “Before babies are born they have a small hole inside of their heart‚ which makes it possible to breathe‚ that is supposed to close by the age of two‚ but yours never did.” The surgery was done endoscopically through my leg
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When Hypothermia Sets In When the cold slaps your face and squeezes tears from your eyes‚ it could be the start of hypothermia. Nazi doctors calculated that a human can die when their body temperature drops to around 77 degrees fahrenheit. The lowest recorded core temperature in a surviving adult is 60.8 degrees fahrenheit (12). Instinctively‚ the web of capillaries on your hands constricts sending blood coursing away from your skin and deeper into the torso. Tibetan Buddhist Monks can raise
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minute‚ the inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2) of 70%‚ and the level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 10 cm H2O. Sputum via ETT suctioning is clear think moderate amount. Cardiovascular: his heart rhythm is normal signs with occasion atrial pace. Normal first heart sound (S1) and a second heart sound (S2) without out murmur or gallop heard on cardiac examination. He has plus one pitting edema on his lower extremity. Pulses were strong in all his extremities. Abdomen. Mr. P last bowel
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has had a heart attack or had rheumatic fever as a child. Mitral stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the mitral valve‚ the narrowed valve causes blood to back-up into the heart’s upper-left chamber instead of flowing into the lower-left chamber. Atrial septal defect‚ also known as ASD‚ is a “hole” in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)‚ is the opposite of ASD‚ it is a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart. Tetralogy
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