0 521 81735 8 hardback Contents List of Tables and Maps Contributors Acknowledgments page ix xi xiii 1 World Wars: Definition and Causes Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herwig 2 The European Wars: 1815–1914 Richard F. Hamilton 3 Serbia Richard C. Hall 4 Austria-Hungary Graydon A. Tunstall‚ Jr. 5 Germany Holger H. Herwig 6 Russia David Alan Rich 7 France Eugenia C. Kiesling 8 Great Britain J.
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Liberal ideas from France and Britain spread rapidly‚ and from 1789 the French Revolution became the genesis of "liberal Italians". A series of political and military events resulted in a unified kingdom of Italy in 1861. The settlements reached in 1815 at the Vienna Congress had restored Austrian domination over the Italian peninsula but had left Italy completely fragmented . The Congress had divided the territory among a number of European nations and the victors of the Napoleonic Wars. The Kingdom
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Prussification as driving forces of unification After the creation of the German Confederation‚ Otto von Bismarck‚ the Prussian representative in the union of German states‚ was determined to unite them into one single empire‚ with Prussia as its core. Prussia officially took over the rest of German sates by 1871‚ but in the meantime Bismarck implemented several internal and foreign policies to make that happen along with unification. After his speech on September 30th of 1862‚ which stated‚
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another ascend of authority such as Napoleon Bonaparte. The origins of The Concert of Europe begin from the international conference called by the victorious allied nations in Vienna – The Congress of Vienna. It took place in September 1814 to June 1815 and is mostly considered as the precursor to today’s United Nations. The Congress was highly successful in achieving its goal‚ as there were no wars between European countries for almost 40 years. One could say that the Concert of Europe is still continuous
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Piedmont-Sardinia from 1852 until his death‚ had a realpolitiker’s vision‚ promoted economic development‚ to unify Italy he had to confront Austria so he got help from Napoleon who feared growth of Piedmont and gave them Lombardy but not Venetia to Piedmont and left the rest of Italy disunited‚ helped achieve a strong economy‚ modern army‚ liberal political climate provoked Austria to invade Northern Italy * Garribaldi: a committed republican‚ dedicated guerilla fighter‚ set sail from Genoa with a thousand
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back"‚ restoring old order‚ and preserve a "status quo" to maintain balance of power and stability in return for peace. Changes made to it started in 1830‚ when there was the Belgium War of Independence. The Belgians‚ forced to unite with Holland in 1815 by the Vienna settlement to create a buffer state to prevent France from further aggression‚ were serious fed up of the Holland government over them because they were treated like a conquered country and started a revolt. The success of the Belgian
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Global 10 October 26‚ 2011 DBQ The French Revolution The French Revolution is considered a major turning point in world history. In 1789-1814 which included Napoleon’s reign‚ this revolution led to major changes in France and other nations and regions around the world. These changes both helped and changed society
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1) Irish Potato Famine. 1845-1849. Called the Great Famine. In the early 19th century‚ Ireland’s tenant farmers struggled to provide for themselves and to supply the British market with cereal crops. By the early 1840s half the Irish population‚ mostly the rural poor‚ became to depend almost exclusively on the potato for their diet. The rest of the population also consumed it in large quantities. A heavy reliance on just one or two high-yielding types of potato greatly reduced the
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Defenestration of Prague (angels/dung heap) 1618-1648 Thirty Years War (Bohemian‚ Danish‚ Swedish‚ French) 1642-1649 English Civil War 1648 Peace of Westphalia (Acknowledged Calvinists; HRE and Spain in decline‚ rise of France‚ Sweden‚ Prussia and Dutch) 1651 Hobbes’s Leviathan 1653-58 Protectorate in England 1687 Newton’s Principia (Universal Laws) 1688-89 Glorious Revolution and joint rule of William and Mary; English Bill of Rights; Locke’s Second Treatise on Government
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moeurs et l’espirit des nations‚” 1756 2. August Fournier: Napoleon I.‚ eine Biographie. Drei Bände‚ 4. Aufl. Wien/Leipzig 1922; hier Bd. 2‚ S. 307. 3. Heinrich von Treitschke‚ verbal statement – Wikipedia. 4. William Carr (A History of Germany 1815-1990) 5. The Balance of Power- History and Theory - Craig and George‚ 1990: 38 6. Hamerow‚ Theodore "Guilt‚ Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53-72 from The American Historical Review 7. "Mistaken Lessons from the Past"‚ The Listener
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