Exam 3 Review Sheet Genetics terms: phenotype‚ genotype‚ allele‚ dominant‚ recessive‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ multiple alleles‚ codominance Phenotype: physical appearance Genotype: genetic composition Allele: alternate form of a gene Dominant: trait that will be expressed Recessive: trait that will be masked by dominant trait Homozygous: both alleles are the same Heterozygous: the alleles are different Multiple Alleles: Codominance: Sex determination – all possibilities Xyy: Xxy
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Alcohol is a central nervous system depressantit slows down the body’s functions and its effects are similar to those of a general anesthetic. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is the active ingredient in all alcoholic drinks. If you take any alcoholic drink and remove the ingredients that give it taste and color‚ you get ethyl alcohol. Remove the water from ethyl alcohol and you get ether. Ether is an anesthetic that works on the brain and puts it to sleep. The same symptoms surgical patient experiences under
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THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS ------------------------------------------------- February 14‚ 2011 DIENCEPHALON Gross Features * No structure visible on the surface of the brain except the inferior surface. * Inferior surface is the only area exposed to the surface in the intact brain. Extends from: * Anterior: Interventricular foramina * Posterior: Cerebral aqueduct Boundaries: * Superior: * Lateral ventricle * Corpus callosum * Septum pellucidum * Fornix * Lateral:
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Chapter 2 Outline The Biological Perspective Neuron A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell Dendrites Dendrites are treelike extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and are covered with synapses Soma The soma is the cell body of a neuron. Axon The Axon of a neuron is a singular fiber that carries information away from the soma to the synaptic sites of other neurons (dendrites and somas)‚ muscles‚ Glial
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paravertebral ganglia‚ collateral (prevertebral) ganglia‚ and terminal ganglia. Which division uses which? Which division has long preganglionic fibers? Long postganglionic fibers? Compare/contrast the autonomic reflex with the somatic reflex. What portions of the CNS modify the autonomic reflex? What neurotransmitter is used in all preganglionic fibers? What is the receptor in the ganglia? Why is the adrenal medulla included in the sympathetic nervous system? What does it release‚ and what
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responsible for carrying signals between the other parts of the brain and the body. The medulla is also responsible for reticular formation‚ which is comprised of tiny nuclei in the central core of the brain stem. Reticular formation plays a role in somatic motor control‚ cardiovascular control‚ pain modulation‚ sleep‚ consciousness‚ and habituation. Due to the complexity of the myelencephalon an injury to this part of the brain would be life threatening or devastating. The metencephalon is
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How do muscles move the skeleton? Contract How may possible gametes with A/A? one What process is blocked by operons/prokaryotes? Transcription What is the least involved in translation? DNA In the picture of muscle contraction‚ know what bands decrease in size and which ones stay the same. When the muscle contracts the sarcomere gets smaller and the area between myosin filaments. What are the net products of glycolysis? ATP‚ NADH‚ Pyruvic Acid What are the net products of cellular respiration
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molecules that contain genes. Question 5 The increasing complexity of animals’ behavior is accompanied by an increase in the amount of association area. Question 6 Voluntary movements‚ such as writing with a pencil‚ are directed by the somatic nervous system. Question 7 Cortical areas that are NOT primarily concerned with sensory‚ motor‚ or language functions are called association areas. Question 8 An experimenter flashes the word FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain
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A parahuman or para-human is a human-animal hybrid or chimera. Scientists have done extensive research into the mixing of genes or cells from different species‚ e.g. adding human (and other animal) genes to bacteria and farm animals to mass-produce insulin and spider silk proteins‚ and introducing human cells into mouse embryos. Human-animal hybrids and chimerasParahumans have been referred to as "human-animal hybrids" in a vernacular sense that also encompasses human-animal chimeras. The term
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Anatomy of Peripheral Nerves Peripheral nerves consist of fascicles that contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Endoneurium is the small amount of matrix that is present between individual axons. The perineurium is a sheath of special‚ fiber-like cells that ties the axons of each fascicle together. Epineurium is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve trunk and gives off vascular connective tissue septa that traverse the nerve and separate fascicles from one another. | | Single
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