2.6.6. Levels of total ammonia nitrogen‚ nitrite‚ nitrate and phosphate in the water samples The mean TAN levels in the present study in all the sampling stations were below the recommended level of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L prescribed by Boyd (1990). However‚ when the level recommended (< 0.2 mg/L) by Chavez (2009) is taken as a standard‚ it was found to that 35% of the study period‚ TAN levels were above the acceptable limit in the feeder canal and the pond 3. Ferreira et al. (2011) has recommended 0
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Evaluation of gel A. pH: The pH of the various gel formulations was determined by using digital pH meter. B. Appearance: -The prepared gel bases were inspected visually for clarity‚ colour and presence of any particles. C. Homogeneity: All developed gels were tested for homogeneity by visual inspection after the gels have been set in the container. They were tested for their appearance and presence of any aggregates. D. Skin irritation test: Test for irritation was performed on human volunteers.
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1_____2_____3_____4_____5_____6_____7_____8_____9_____TOTAL________ CHEM 237‚ FALL 2007 HOUR EXAM 1 Name________________________________________________________ TA Name _______________________ __& Section # _________________ Student #______________________________________________________ 1. (9 pts) Write a valid Lewis structure for each of the following. Show lone pairs and formal charges where necessary. Draw covalent bonds as lines. (a) bisulfate ion‚ HSO4- O HO S O (b) hydrogen cyanide
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Introduction Acid rain refers to a phenomenon in which "[precipitation] from the atmosphere [contains] higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids". The precipitation that results in acid rain comes from the pollution emitted by human activities‚ such as factories‚ electrical power plants and automobiles. Two main pollutants are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)‚ which reacts with substances in the atmosphere‚ such as water and oxygen‚ to form acid rain. While rain water
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Lab on pH Levels Purpose: Throughout this experiment we are trying to learn how to take proper pH measurements using a pH meter. We also want to see the pH of different common liquids and record the change in pH when we add acids and alkaline liquids. The last reason we are conducting this experiment is to explain and show how fresh milk spoils by the change in pH. Materials: In this experiment we used graduated cylinders and glass beakers and added variety of ingredients including 50 mL of; soda
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Objective The objective of this lab is to determine the pH level of common household products. Introduction Liquids are either acidic‚ basic‚ or neutral. We are able to figure out which one it is based on properties‚ along with the pH. Acids taste sour‚ and bases taste bitter. Using the pH scale‚ you are able to know how strong of an acid or base a liquid is. High concentration of [H+] ions means that the liquid has a low pH. Therefore a liquid with a low concentration of [H+] would have a high
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ASSIGMNET 1 | Research on student difficulties in Understanding Chemical reactions | Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases | | Mariyam Zaina‚ 015482 | | | TITLE & INTRODUCTION Title: Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases Researches shows that students often develops new theories about how the natural world works‚ prior to formal science education and frequently those theories are different to those of scientists(Demircioğlu et al.‚ 2005). Students develop
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Name: Espera‚ Leza Andrea A. Date Performed: June 25‚ 2013 Lab partner: Catalan‚ Christian A. Date Due: July 5‚ 2013 Date Submitted: July 5‚ 2013 EXPERIMENT 1 PREPARING BUFFERS AND BUFFER CAPACITY INTRODUCTION A buffer solution is one in which the pH of the solution is "resistant" to small additions of either a strong acid or strong base. Buffers usually consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base‚ in relatively equal and "large" quantities
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The acid-base titration curves help to find the pKa‚ Ka‚ and pH at equivalent point. At the beginning pH for HCl is 1.90 which is lower than the 3.28 for acetic acid; thus‚ strong acid (HCl) means lower pH and weak acid (acetic acid) means higher pH. Then at the equivalent point for the titration HCl-NaOH the pH is 7‚ which mans that is neutral‚ in other words there are enough NaOH mmol to neutralize the HCl mmol present; also‚ the solution contains only water and NaCl the salt derived from the titration
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Acid-Base Titration Curves INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES The CCLI Initiative Learning Objectives to understand the titration curves for the following solutions • a weak acid: acetic acid‚ CH3COOH. • • • • • a strong acid: hydrochloric acid‚ HCl. an acidic commercial cleanser. a basic commercial cleanser. to use the titration curves to calculate the percent of the active ingredients in the commercial cleansers. to determine the Ka of a weak acid. Procedure Overview • • • • after calibration of the pH
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