environmental conditions. It is the same way it changes and adapts in response to diseases and injuries. The brain’s reorganization takes place using a mechanism such as axonal sprouting‚ where the undamaged axons grow new nerves that reconnect the neurons that may have been damaged. The uninjured axons start to sprout nerve endings to connect with the other undamaged cells. After that‚ it starts to make new connections and the neural path to make up the loss functions (Schwartz‚ & Begley‚
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of the brain which‚ when the brain is pushed to one side applies pressure to that side of the brain‚ crowding these different brain structures together. Additionally‚ with the risk of swelling (which is a result of damage to the axon)‚ it can push these structures’ axons to the point of damage and can result in life inhibiting damage to the brain and its cognitive functions.
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BIOSC 048: Problem Set Questions 1. Given that cell A has significantly more nongated K+ channels than cell B‚ which cell has the larger resting membrane potential? Explain. If the permeability to K is higher in A than in B‚ then the resting membrane potential (rmp) will be closer to the equilibrium potential in cell A‚ which means the rmp will be more negative in cell A than in cell B; or in other words‚ the potential difference will be LARGER in cell A. 2. Predict the effect of a reduced
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4015 Lab – PNS‚ Spinal Cord and Spinal Reflexes Activity 1 – Nerves Type the numbers‚ in the space provided‚ of the structures pointed out on the diagram of a cross section of a nerve in your lab book with the following terms: 6 axon 12 endoneurium 1 epineurium 2 fascicle 7 motor ending 10 myelin sheath 9 neurilemma 11 node of Ranvier 3 perineurium 5 peripheral nerve 8 Schwann cell 4 sensory receptors What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron? They are both completely
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brain’s cells. 7. Describe the four primary structures of a neuron. The cell body is the “control center”. Processes are the structures that extend away from the cell body. Signals from other neurons are received at the dendrites. Axon terminals are at the ends of axons and contain neurotransmitters. 8. Describe the amygdala and its function. The amygdalae are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates‚ including humans. Shown
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Thirst is the craving for liquids‚ resulting in the basic instinct of humans or animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. It arises from a lack of fluids and/or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites such as salt. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold‚ or the osmolite concentration becomes too high‚ the brain signals thirst. Continuous dehydration can cause a myriad of problems‚ but is most often associated with neurological
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of information. 4) The more detailed your answers are‚ the more points you will accumulate. Be able to answer the following questions to the best of your ability: 1) Describe (in your own words) how an action potential is transmitted from the axon terminal (pre-synaptic membrane) to an excited muscle (post-synaptic membrane). Be sure to include all electrolytes (minerals) and neurotransmitters that are used for the transmission of the action potential. Optional drawings can be included. 2)
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Drugs & Behavior EXAM I Study Guide Every correct answer is on the test…MC & Matching terms with definitions. No short answers… Terms: Psychopharmacology study of the action of drugs on living organisms Specific Drug Effects: result from physical and biochemical interactions of a drug with its target tissue Therapeutic effects- desirable effects of drug-receptor binding Side effects- undesirable effects of drug-receptor binding Non-specific Drug Effects: effects of a drug not based on
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What is a neuron? It is a nerve cell that sends and receives electrical signals over long distances within the body 2b. be able to label its parts. Parts of a neuron. A neuron has three basic parts‚ the cell body‚ the axon‚ and the dendrites. A thin nerve membrane surrounds the entire cell 3. How fast do neurons travel? Neurons don’t travel‚ the impulses they transmit do. As a simple analogy‚ a neuron is like an electric cord: it stays still but an electric
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Unit 5 Biology notes Contents Section 9.1 – Sensory Reception 3 Section 9.2 – Nervous Control 4 Section 9.3 – Control of heart rate 5 Section 9.4 – Role of receptors 6 Section 10.1 – Coordination 8 Section 10.2 – Neurons 10 Section 10.3 – The nerve impulse 11 Section 10.5 – The speed of a nerve impulse 12 Section 10.6/10.7 – Structure and function of the synapse / Transmission across
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