The Gall-Peters projection and the Mercator’s projection were both clearly made for 2 different purposes. Both made by 2 different men‚ and at different times. The image of the word “map” that we have in our mind is very limited. We only know as much as it is commercialized. We don’t know what the reality is. Arno Peters and James Gaal made an attempt at trying to fulfill that reality and were recognized in the late 20th century. An equal area map that’s main purpose was to portray the Earth to it’s
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innovative products are introduced or consumer tastes have changed. There is intense price cutting‚ and many more products are withdrawn from the market. Profits can be improved by reducing marketing spending and cost cutting. As sales decline‚ the firm has several options: * Maintain the product‚ possibly rejuvenating it by adding new features and finding new uses. * Harvest the product–reduce costs and continue to offer it‚ possibly to a loyal niche segment. * Discontinue the product‚ liquidating
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I. Executive Summary Our marketing plan involves Pfizer’s product division of Zyrtec‚ an antihistamine directed for allergy control. We plan to introduce a pre-dispensed form of liquid Zyrtec. We would employ a product development approach‚ releasing a new product in an existing market. We will use a differentiated target market approach. The biggest advantage of this potential product is its convenience of use‚ having pre-measured doses ready and available for consumers
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Customer-Segment Pricing Product-Form Pricing Image Pricing Channel Pricing Location Pricing Time Pricing Price Discrimination Differentiated Pricing Promotional Pricing Geographical Pricing (Cash‚ Countertrade‚ Barter) Changing Pricing Environment How Companies Price Understanding Pricing Consumer Psychology and Pricing Reference Prices Price-Quality Inferences Price Cues Survival Maximum Current Profit Maximum Market Share Selecting the Pricing Objective Maximum Market Skimming Product-Quality Leadership
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION Evaluation Systems and Systems Evaluation: Building Capacity and Tools for Enhancing STEM Education Evaluation This research is designed to enhance the capability of the field of evaluation to develop more effective evaluation systems and to conduct more rigorous systems evaluation. By evaluation system we mean the comprehensive and integrated set of capabilities‚ resources‚ activities and support mechanisms for conducting evaluation work. By systems evaluation‚ we mean the assessment
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Preparation Resources Module 9: Information systems and decision support systems Overview This module looks at information systems in the context of business management‚ and explores the key aspects of the various types of decision support systems. It begins with an introduction to the three types of management decision support systems — management information systems (MIS) (operational)‚ decision support systems (DSS) (tactical)‚ and executive support systems (ESS) (strategic). The functions of managers
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Management Information Systems MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM Chapter 2 Managing the Digital Firm Kenneth C. Laudon Jane P. Laudon 9th edition PEARSON Prentice Hall 2006 www.prenhall.com/laudon Objectives After reading this chapter‚ you will be able to: 1. Evaluate the role played by the major types of systems in a business and their relationship to each other. 2. Describe the information systems supporting the major business functions: sales and marketing‚ manufacturing
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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS SUMMARY ( LECTURE NOTES 1 – Information Systems in Global Business Today) 1. Explain why Information Systems are so essential in business today. ØInformation Systems are fundamental for conducting Business today. ØIn many industries‚ survival and even existence is difficult without extensive use of Information Systems. ØInformation Systems have become essential for helping organizations operate in a global economy. ØOrganization are trying to
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New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies Based on: Philip Kotler et al.‚ Principles of Marketing International Marketing Prof. Dr. Thomas Laukamm Objectives - Understand how companies find and develop newproduct ideas. - Learn the steps in the new-product development process. - Know the stages of the product life cycle. - Understand how marketing strategies change during the product’s life cycle. Fach‚ Dozent‚ Semester International Marketing Prof. Dr. Thomas
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Trend projection method is a classical method of business forecasting. This method is essentially concerned with the study of movement of variable through time. The use of this method requires a long and reliable time series data. The trend projection method is used under the assumption that the factors responsible for the past trends in variables to be projected (e.g. sales and demand) will continue to play their part in future in the same manner and to the same extend as they did in the past in
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